The issue of the article is to describe and evaluate analytical Marxism, a school of thought that occupies a particular position in radical theory. It has presented itself as an attempt to renew Marxism with the tools of non-Marxist philosophy (analytical philosophy), epistemology (logical positivism), and social science (methodological individualism). The main authors are Gerald A. Cohen, who defended historical materialism on the basis of analytical philosophy; John Roemer, who reconstructed Marxian economics with neoclassical tools; and Jon Elster, who interpreted Marxism with methodological individualism. Rational choice theory plays an important role in analytical Marxism. This article deals with the idea that analytical Marxism seems to have turned Marxism into its opposite.
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