Mise à jour des principes de la psychiatrie communautaire dans le contexte de la reconfiguration ambulatoire des services.
Méthode:
Analyse de l'évolution de certains modèles de type communautaire en Italie, en France, en Hollande, et aux États-Unis.
Résultats:
La désinstitutionnalisation voulait soustraire les patients aux effets néfastes des institutions asilaires, mais elle n'a pas abouti à la réintégration sociale d'un grand nombre d'entre eux. Les succès et les échecs de la pratique communautaire ont mis en lumière la variété des besoins des patients et leur constance.
Conclusions:
L'amélioration de la qualité de vie et de l'intégration des services devrait guider le choix des ressources nécessaires et leur organisation.
GoeringPWasylenkiDMacnaughtonE.Planning mental health services: II. current Canadian initiatives. Can J Psychiatry1992;37:259–63.
2.
Orientations pour la transformation des services de santé mentale. Document de consultation. Gouvernement du Québec. Ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux. Avril 1997.
LangsleyD, Community Psychiatry. In KaplanHSadockB, eds. Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry/IV. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins1985.
6.
PageJC. Les fous crient au secours. Montréal: Les Éditions du jour, 1961.
7.
Lanteri-LauraGDel PistoiaLKhaiatE.Les principales théories dans la psychiatrie contemporaine. In Encycl. Méd. Chir. Éditions Techniques. Paris, 37006A10, p8. 1992.
8.
BachrachL.Colloque « Les laissés pour compte de la Psychiatrie » Hôpital Louis-H. Lafontaine, Montréal1994.
9.
AMPQ, Association des Médecins Psychiatres du Québec, L'Actualité Médicale1996;17(20):22mai.
10.
FournierLMercierC.Sans domicile fixe, au delà du stéréotype. Montréal: Ed Méridien, 1996.
11.
HardingCBrooksGAshikagaTStraussJSBreierA.The Vermont longitudinal study of persons with severe mental illness, I: Methodology, study sample, and overall status 32 years later. Am J Psychiatry1987;144:718–26.
12.
SchwartzJStoesselPBaxterJRMartinKMPhelpsME. Systematic changes in cerebral glucose metabolic rate after successful behavior modification treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiat1996;53:109–113.
13.
SteinwachsDCullumHDorwartR, Service Systems Research. Schiz Bull1992;18(4):627–668.
14.
BarbierD.Secteur de psychiatrie générale. In Encycl Méd Chir Éditions Techniques. Paris: 37–915-A-10, 1995.
15.
MasséGPetitjeanFCaroliF.Le secteur de Psychiatrie générale. In Encycl Méd Chir; 37915A10, 2. Paris1984.
16.
OkinR.Testing the limits of deinstitutionalization. Psychiatric Services1995;46:569–74.
17.
GrofP.Deinstitutionalization: The italian experience. Can J of Psychiatry1993;38(3):185–6.
18.
De SalviaDBarbatoA.Recent trends in mental health services in Italy: An analysis of national and local data. Can J Psychiatry1993;38(3):195–202.
19.
LesageATansellaM.Comprehensive community care without long stay beds in mental hospitals: Trends from an italian good practice area. Can J Psychiatry1993;38(3):187–94.
20.
SteinLTestMA. Alternative to mental hospital treatment. I. conceptual model, treatment program, and clinical evaluation. Arch Gen Psychiatry1980;37:392–7.
21.
SantosAHenggelerSBumsB.Research on field-based services: Models for reform in the delivery of mental health care to populations with complex clinical problems. Am J Psychiatry1995;152:1111–23.
22.
DeciPSantosAHiottDSchoenwaldSDiasJK. Dissemination of assertive community treatment programs. Psychiatric Services1995;46:676–8.
23.
ThompsonKGriffithELeafP.A historical review of the Madison model of community care. Hosp. Community Psychiatry1990;41:625–33.
24.
CartingP.Return to community: Building support systems for people with psychiatric disabilties. New-York: The Guilford Press, 1995:348.
25.
MarksI.Innovations in mental health care delivery. Br J Psychiatry1992;160:589–97.
26.
WasylenkiDGoeringPMacnaughtonE.Planning mental health services: I. background and key issues. Can J Psychiatry1992;37:199–206.
27.
BachrachL.The state of the state mental hospital in 1996. Psychiatric Services1996;10:1071–8.
28.
JayaramGTienASullivanPGwonH.Elements of a successful short-stay inpatient psychiatric service. Psychiatric Services1996;47:407–12.
29.
HogeMDavidsonHillLTurnerVEAmeliR.The promise of partial hospitalization: A reassessment. Hospital Community Psychiatry1992;43:345–54.
30.
WarnerR, ed. Alternatives to the hospital for acute psychiatric treatment. Washington: American Psychiatric Press, 1995.
31.
KluiterHGielRNienhuisJRuphanMWiermaD.Predicting feasibility of day treatment for unselected patients referred for inpatient psychiatric treatment: Results of a randomized trial. Am J Psychiat1992;149(9):1199–205.
32.
SledgeWTebesJWolffNHelminiakW.Day hospital/Crisis respite care versus inpatient care, part II: Service utilization and costs. Am J Psychiatry1996;153(8):1074–83.
33.
BudsonR.Community residential and partial hospital care: Low-cost alternative systems in the spectrum of care. Psychiatric Quaterly1994;65(3):209–20.
34.
SchudelW.Acute hospital alternatives in the Netherlands: Crisis intervention centers. In WarnerR, ed. Alternatives to the hospital for acute psychiatric treatment. Washington: American Psychiatric Press, 1995.
35.
BachrachL.The Biopsychosocial Legacy of Deinstitutionalization. Hospital and Community Psychiatry1993;44(6):523–24,546.
36.
BachrachL.Residential planning: Concepts and themes. Hospital and Community Psychiatry1994;45(3):202–3.
37.
TempierRCaronJMercierMLéouffreP.Quality of life of severely mentally ill individuals: A comparison with low income and general populations. Community Mental Health Journal. In press.
38.
CaronJTempierRMercierCLéouffreP.Components of social support and quality of life in severely mentally ill, low income individuals and in general population. Community Mental Health Journal. In press.
39.
EyHBernardPBrissetC.Manuel de psychiatrie, 5ème édition. Paris: Masson, 1978:66.
40.
UffingCehaMSaengerG.The development of de-institutionalization in Europe. Psychiatric Quaterly1992;63(3):265–78.
41.
DietzenLBondG.Relationship between case manager contact and outcome for frequently hospitalized psychiatric clients. Hosp Community Psychiatry1993;44:839–43.
42.
HomstraRBruce-WolfeVSagduyuKRiffleD.The effect of intensive case management on hospitalization of patients with schizophrenia. Hosp Community Psychiatry1993;44:844–7.
43.
TyrerPMorganJVan HornEJayakodyMEvansKBrummelR, and others. A randomised controlled study of close monitoring of vulnerable psychiatric patients. Lancet1995;345:756–9.
44.
SteinL.Comments by Leonard Stein. Hosp Community Psychiatry1990;41:649–51.
45.
CorinEBibeauGMartinJCLaplanteR.Comprendre pour soigner autrement. Montréal: Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal, 1990.
46.
KaneJHonigfeldGSingerJMeltzerH.Clozapine for the treatment-resistant schizophrenic. Arch Gen Psychiatry1988;45:789–96.
47.
MeltzerHBurnettSBastaniBRamirezLF. Effects of six months of Clozapine treatment on the quality of life of chronic schizophrenic patients. Hosp Community Psychiatry1990;41(8):892–7.
