The objective of this research is to characterize the bamboo fiber extracted from bamboo culms and to use these fibers as reinforcement in polypropylene-based composites. In the experiment, the fiber was characterized using wet chemical analysis, scanning electron microscope, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Chemical analysis showed that bamboo fiber had high amount of holocellulose containing alpha cellulose with compact sclerenchyma sheath. Bamboo fiber showed significant wave length at 3420 cm−1 for –OH stretching, 2921 cm−1 for –CH stretching, and 896 cm−1 for 1,4-β linkage for cellulose units in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum. This paper also illustrates the electrical properties of the fabricated composite that consist of bamboo fiber-reinforced polypropylene. At constant temperature (about 30℃), frequency dependence of capacitance, resistivity, and dielectric constant was observed. There were approximately 19.35%, 90.38%, and 66.67% decrease in capacitance, resistance, and dielectric constant, respectively, over a range of frequency from 1 kHz to 10 kHz. This research is focused to use the polymeric composite as an insulating material while observing its electrical properties.
HaydaruzzamanHossainMAKhanMA. Fabrication and characterization of jute reinforced polypropylene composite: effectiveness of coupling agents. J Compos Mater2010; 44: 1945–1963.
2.
KhanRAKhanMAZamanHU. Comparative studies of mechanical and interfacial properties between jute and E-glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites. J Reinf Plast Compos2010; 29: 1078–1088.
3.
BillotteCBernardFMRuizE. Chemical shrinkage and thermo mechanical characterization of an epoxy resin during cure by a novel in situ measurement method. Euro Polym J2013; 49: 3548–3560.
4.
RosaCDAuriemmaFBallesterosORD. Stability and phase transformations of the mesomorphic form of isotactic polypropylene in stereo defective polypropylene. Euro Polym J2013; 49: 3590–3600.
5.
JinYSKimGJJeonSG. Terahertz dielectric properties of polymers. J Korean Phys Soc2006; 49: 513–517.
6.
PukanszkyIB. Recent advances in bio-based polymers and composites: preface to the BioPoCo 2012 special section. Euro Polym J2013; 49: 1146–1150.
7.
JenkinsMJHayJNChenZ. The kinetics of crystallization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) measured by FTIR spectroscopy. Euro Polym J2013; 49: 1722–1730.
8.
SoroudiAJakubowiczI. Recycling of bioplastics, their blends and biocomposites: a review. Euro Polym J2013; 49: 2839–2858.
9.
ThakurVKThakurMK. Processing and characterization of natural cellulose fibers/thermoset polymer composites. Carbohydr Polym2014; 109: 102–117.
10.
ThakurVKThakurMKRaghavanP. Progress in green polymer composites from lignin for multifunctional applications: a review. ACS Sustainable Chem Eng2014; 2: 1072–1092.
11.
ThakurVKThakurMKGuptaRK. Review: raw natural fiber-based polymer composites. Int J Polym Anal Char2014; 19: 256–271.
12.
ThakurVKVennerbergDKesslerMK. Green aqueous surface modification of polypropylene for novel polymer nanocomposites. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces2014; 6: 9349–9356.
13.
WahabRMustafaMTSalamMA. Potential and structural variation of some selected cultivated bamboo species in peninsular Malaysia. Intern J Biology2012; 4: 102–116.
14.
RogersonAKalongRMBakarES. Variations in moisture content affect the shrinkage of Gigantochloascortechinii and Bambusa vulgaris at different heights of the bamboo culm. BioRes2014; 9: 7484–7493.
15.
LiuDSongJDebbieP. Bamboo fiber and its reinforced composites: structure and properties. Cellulose2012; 19: 1449–1480.
16.
ChenXGuoQMiY. Bamboo fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites: a study of the mechanical properties. J Appl Polym Sci1998; 69: 1891–1899.
17.
KushwahaPKKumarR. Studies on water absorption of bamboo-epoxy composites: effect of silane treatment of mercerized bamboo. J Appl Polym Sci2010; 115: 1846–1852.
18.
ChattopadhyaySKKhandalRKUppaluriR. Bamboo fiber reinforced polypropylene composites and their mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties. J Appl Polym Sci2011; 119: 1619–1626.
19.
AhmadMKamkeFA. Analysis of Calcutta bamboo for structural composite materials: physical and mechanical properties. Wood Sci Technol2005; 39: 448–459.
20.
ShaoZPFangCHHuangSX. Tensile properties of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachyspubescens) and its components with respect to its fiber-reinforced composite structure. Wood Sci Technol2010; 44: 655–666.
21.
Rahman SMMA, Khan MA and Mustafa AI. Jute reinforced polypropylene composite: effect of surface pretreatment by photo curing with acrylic monomers. J Reinf Plast Compos 2009; 28: 1733–1745.
22.
KhanMAShehrzadeSHassanMM. Effect of alkali and ultraviolet (UV) radiation pretreatment on physical and mechanical properties of 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate-Grafted jute yarn by UV radiation. J Appl Polym Sci2004; 92: 18–24.
23.
KhanMAKhanRAHaydaruzzaman. Study on the physico-mechanical properties of starch-treated jute yarn-reinforced polypropylene composites: effect of gamma radiation. Polym-Plast Technol Eng2009; 48: 542–548.
24.
KhanMAHassanMMDrzalLT. Effect of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) on the mechanical and thermal properties of jute/polycarbonate composites. Compos A2005; 36: 71–81.
25.
TAPPI Standard T210 cm-93:1993. Sampling and testing of wood pulp shipments and testing wood pulp shipments for moisture.
26.
ASTM Standard D 1110-56:2013. Standard test method for water solubility of wood.
27.
ASTM Standard D 1106-56:1996. Standard test method for acid insoluble lignin in wood.
28.
ASTM Standard D 1104-56:1978. Method of test for holo-cellulose in wood.
29.
ASTM Standard D 1103-60:1977. Standard test method for α-cellulose in wood.
30.
OkuboKFujiiTYamamotoY. Development of bamboo-based polymer composites and their mechanical properties. Compos A2004; 35: 377–383.
31.
XueJSShengZQ. On structure, production, market of bamboo based panel. J Forestry Res2002; 13: 151–156.
32.
SiqueiraGBrasJDufresneA. Cellulosic bionanocomposite: a review of preparation, properties and application. Polym2010; 2: 728–765.
33.
Dhal JP and Mishra SC. Processing and properties of natural fiber-reinforced polymer. J Mater 2013; article ID 297213 2013.
34.
Li X. Physical, chemical and mechanical properties of bamboo and its utilization potential for bamboo boat manufacturing. MSc Thesis, Louisiana State University, USA, 2004.
35.
RumanaRRosemarieLHReinerF. FTIR spectroscopy and histochemical characterization of wood and lignin of five tropical timber wood species of the family of Dipterocapaceae. Wood Sci Technol2010; 44: 225–242.
ThakurVKThungaMMadboulySA. PMMA-g-SOY as a sustainable novel dielectric material. RSC Adv2014; 4: 18240–18249.
38.
ThakurVKVennerbergDMadboulySA. Bio-inspired green surface functionalization of PMMA for multifunctional capacitors. RSC Adv2014; 4: 6677–6684.
39.
ThakurVKKesslerMR. Synthesis and characterization of AN-g-SOY for sustainable polymer composites. ACS Sustainable Chem Eng2014; 2: 2454–2460.
40.
IsmailMNTurkyGMNadaAMA. Electromechanical behavior of natural rubber-lignocellulosic material composites. Polym-Plast Technol Eng2000; 39: 249–263.
41.
ShiFF. Development in plasma-polymerized organic thin films with novel mechanical, electrical and optical properties. Polym Rev1996; 36: 795–826.
42.
Kumar V and Kumar R. Dielectric and mechanical properties of alkali and silane treated bamboo-epoxy nanocomposites. J Compos Mater 2012; 46: 3089–3101.
43.
KumarVSharmaNKKumarR. Dielectric, mechanical, and thermal properties of bamboo-polylactic acid bionanocomposites. J Reinf Plast Compos2013; 32: 42–51.
