Effect of sizing on interfacial adhesion property of glass fiber-reinforced polyurethane composites

Abstract

This research was undertaken to investigate the influence of the sizing components, principally coupling agents and film formers, of glass fiber on the interface of reinforced polyurethane composites. The contents of film-forming agents and coupling agents were, respectively, checked by acetone extraction and heat treatment. The categories and chemical structures of the film-forming agents, which mainly exist in the extracting solutions, were investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The coupling agents, which mainly existed on the extracted glass fiber surfaces, were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Then, the interfacial adhesion properties between glass fibers of untreated, extracted and heat-treated and polyurethane resin were measured with micro-droplet test. The results show that the interfacial shear strength of the glass fiber-reinforced polyurethane composite mainly depends on the coupling agents, in which the N-containing groups play a dominant role. The film formers also take some effects, in which the hydroxyl groups have the greatest contribution.

Keywords

Sizing glass fiber polyurethane interface performance

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Jones

FR.

A review of interphase formation and design in fibre-reinforced composites. J Adhes Sci Technol 2010; 24: 171–202.

Thomason

JL.

The interface region in glass fibre-reinforced epoxy resin composites: 1. Sample preparation, void content and interfacial strength. Composites 1995; 26: 467–475.

Larson

and Drzal

LT.

Glass fiber sizing/matrix interphase formation in liquid composite moulding: effects on fiber/matrix adhesion and mechanical properties. Composites 1994; 25: 711–721.

Thomason

and Adzima

LJ.

Sizing up the interphase: an insider's guide to the science of sizing. Compos A: Appl Sci Manuf 2001; 32: 313–321.

Feih

Wei

Kingshott

et al . The influence of fibre sizing on the strength and feature toughness of glass fibre composites. Compos A: Appl Sci Manuf 2005; 36: 245–255.

Merhi

Michaud

Comte

et al . Predicting sizing dependent bending rigidity of glass fiber bundles in sheet moulding compounds. Compos A: Appl Sci Manuf 2006; 37: 1773–1786.

Thomason

and Dwight

DW.

XPS analysis of the coverage and composition of coatings on glass fibres. J Adhes Sci Technol 2012; 14: 745–764.

Al-Moussawi

Drown

and Drzal

LT.

The silane/sizing composite interphase. Polym Compos 1993; 14: 195–200.

Olmos

Lopez

and Gonzalez-Benito

The nature of the glass fibre surface and its effect in the water absorption of glass fibre/epoxy composites. The use of fluorescence to obtain information at the interface. Compos Sci Technol 2006; 66: 2758–2768.

10.

Pape

and Plueddemann

EP.

Silanes and other coupling agents. Utrecht: VSP, 1992.

11.

Dwight

and Huff

NT.

Effects of silane coupling agents on the interphase and performance of glass-fiber reinforced polymer composites. Compos Sci Technol 1997; 57: 975–983.

12.

Berg

and Jones

FR.

The role of sizing resins, coupling agents and their blends on the formation of the interphase in glass fibre composites. Compos A: Appl Sci Manuf 1998; 29: 1261–1272.

13.

Liu

XM and

Thomason

JL.

XPS and AFM study of interaction of organosilane and sizing with e-glass fibre surface. J Adhes 2008; 84: 322–338.

14.

Iglesias

Gonzalez-Benito

Aznar

et al . Effect of glass fiber surface treatments on mechanical strength of epoxy based composite materials. J Colloid Interf Sci 2002; 250: 251–260.

15.

Saunders

and Frisch

KC.

Polyurethanes: chemistry and technology. New York: Wiley Interscience, 1962.

16.

Thomson

Polyurethanes as specialty chemical: Principles and applications. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2005.

17.

Sherman

LM.

Polyurethane composites: new alternative to polyester & vinyl ester. Plast Technol 2006; 52: 60–65.

18.

Gerkin

Lawler

and Schwarz

EG.

Reinforcement systems for high modulus reaction injection molded urethane composites. J Cell Plast 1979; 15: 51–58.

19.

Husic

Thermal and mechanical properties of glass reinforced soy-based polyurethane composites. Compos Sci Technol 2005; 65: 19–25.

20.

Thomason

JL.

The interface region in glass fibre-reinforced epoxy resin composites: 3. Characterization of fibre surface coatings and the interphase. Composites 1995; 26: 487–498.

21.

Griswold

Cross

and Kjerengtroen

Interphase variation in silane-treated glass-fiber-reinforced epoxy composites. J Adhes Sci Technol 2005; 19: 279–290.

22.

Park

and Jin

JS.

Effect of silane coupling agent on interphase and performance of glass fibers/unsaturated polyester composites. J Colloid Interf Sci 2001; 242: 174–179.

23.

Lee

Jang

et al . Effects of surface modification on the resin-transfer moulding (RTM) of glass-fiber/unsaturated-polyester composites. Compos Sci Technol 2002; 62: 9–16.

24.

Hamada

Fujihara

and Harada

The influence of sizing conditions on bending properties of continuous glass fiber reinforced polypropylene composites. Compos A: Appl Sci Manuf 2000; 31: 979–990.

25.

Laura

Keskkula

Barlow

et al . Effect of glass fiber surface chemistry on the mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced, rubber-toughened nylon 6. Polymer 2002; 43: 4673–4687.

Supplementary Material

Please find the following supplemental material available below.

For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.

For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.

0.00 MB

0.21 MB