Effects of olive oil on physical and mechanical properties of ceramic waste-based geopolymer foam

Abstract

The present study concentrated on porous geopolymer composites (between calcined clay and metakaolin) using hydrogen peroxide as a pore generation agent. To reduce as well as recycle the waste from a factory, calcined clay waste was used as starting material. The geopolymer was synthesized via a geopolymerization method by a reaction with an alkaline solution, using the ceramic waste and metakaolin as raw materials. Different amount of olive oil (0–15 wt%) were added to the samples. The olive oil affected the pore formation of the geopolymers. The effects of olive oil, a surfactant, on the properties of the geopolymer composites were investigated. Apparent density and compressive strength of the samples tended to decrease with the additive, while water absorption and total porosity had the opposite effect. However, a variation in the apparent density and water absorption values was observed, due to the formation of closed pores in the samples. The trend of compressive strength value was related with total porosity. A model for pore formation was proposed in this work. The results suggest that this material can be used as a geopolymer foam.

Keywords

Ceramic waste olive oil geopolymer foam composites

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Hassan

Abdel-Gawwad

Garcia

SRV

et al. Fabrication and characterization of thermally insulating coconut ash-based geopolymer foam. Waste Manag 2018; 80: 235–240.

Mostafa

Mohsen

El-Maghraby

Characterization of low-purity clays for geopolymer binder formulation. Int J Min Met Mater 2014; 21: 609–619

Bai

Franchin

Elsayed

et al. High-porosity geopolymer foams with tailored porosity for thermal insulation and wastewater treatment. J Mater Res 2017; 32: 3251–3259

Masia

Rickard

WDA

Vickers

et al. A comparison between different foaming methods for the synthesis of light weight geopolymers. Ceram Int 2014; 40: 13891–13902.

Zaidi

SFA

Ul-Haq

Nur

et al. Synthesis & characterization of natural soil based inorganic polymer foam for thermal insulations. Constr Build Mater 2017; 157: 994–1000.

Yun-Ming

Cheng-Yong

Bakri

MMA

et al. Structure and properties of clay-based geopolymer cements: a review. Prog Mater Sci 2016; 83: 595–629.

Diffoa

BBK

Elimbia

Cyrb

et al. Effect of the rate of calcination of kaolin on the properties of metakaolin-based geopolymers. Asian J Ceram Soc 2015; 3: 130–138.

Bai

Colombo

Processing, properties, and applications of highly porous geopo-lymer: a review. Ceram Int 2018; 44: 16103–16118.

Bai

Wang

et al. Colomboa, Porosity, mechanical and insulating properties of geopolymer foams using vegetable oil as the stabilizing agent. J Eur Ceram Soc 2018; 38: 799–805.

10.

Bai

Franchin

Elsayed

et al. High strength metakaolin-based geopolymer foams with variablemacroporous structure. J Eur Ceram Soc 2016; 36: 4243–4249.

11.

Bai

Colombo

High-porosity geopolymer membrane supports by peroxide route with the addition of egg white as surfactant. Ceram Int 2017; 43: 2267–2273.

12.

Ohji

Fukushima

Macro-porous ceramics: processing and properties. Int Mater Rev 2012; 57: 115–131.

13.

Ahmad

Song

IH.

Synthesis of self-setting Al(OH)₃ foams by direct foaming technique. J Ceram Soc Japan 2015; 123: 383–388.

14.

Kovarik

Krenek

Rieger

et al. Synthesis of open-cell ceramic foam derived from geopolymer precursor via replica technique. Mater Lett 2017; 209: 497–500.

15.

Zhang

Zhou

Chen

et al. Preparation of high open porosity ceramic foams via direct foaming molded and dried at room temperature. J Eur Ceram Soc 2014; 34: 2443–2452.

16.

Hajimohammadi

Ngo

Mendis

et al. Regulating the chemical foaming reaction to control the porosity of geopolymer foams. Mater Des 2017; 120: 255–265.

17.

Papaa

Medria

Kpogbemaboub

et al. Porosity and insulating properties of silica-fume based foams. Energ Buildings 2016; 131: 223–232.

18.

Novais

Buruberri

Ascensao

et al. Porous biomass fly ash-based geopolmers with tailored thermal conductivity. J Clean Prod 2016; 119: 99–107.

19.

Hajimohammadia

Ngoa

Mendisa

et al. Pore characteristics in one-part mix geopolymers foamed by H₂O₂: the impact of mix design. Mater Des 2017; 130: 381–391.

20.

Novais

Ascensao

Buruberri

et al. Influence of blowing agent on the fresh- and hardened-state properties of lightweight geopolymers. Mater Des 2016; 108: 551–559.

21.

Petlitckaia

Poulesquen

Design of lightweight metakaolin based geopolymer foamed with hydrogen peroxide. Ceram Int 2019; 45: 1322–1330.

22.

Cilla

Colombo

Morelli

MR.

Geopolymer foams by gelcasting. Ceram Int 2014; 40: 5723–5730.

23.

Cilla

Morelli

Colombo

Open cell geopolymer foams by a novel saponification/peroxide/gelcasting combined route. J Eur Ceram Soc 2014; 34: 3133–3137.

24.

Tcholakova

Mustan

Pagureva

et al. Role of surface properties for the kinetics of bubble Ostwald ripening in saponin-stabilized foams. Colloids Surf 2017; 534: 16–25.

25.

Kearsley

Wainwright

PJ.

Porosity and permeability of foamed concrete. Cement Concrete Res 2001; 31: 805–812.

26.

Rice

RW.

Comparison of stress concentration versus minimum solid area based mechanical property-porosity relations. J Mater Sci 1993; 28: 2187–2190.

27.

Rice

RW.

Evaluation and extension of physical property-porosity models based on minimum solid area. J Mater Sci 1996; 31: 102–118.

28.

Cheng-Yinga

Xiang-Yun

Jian-Bao

et al. Preparation and properties of mullite-bonded porous SiC ceramics using porous alumina as oxide. Mater Charact 2014; 90: 81–87.

29.

Lin

Factors that influence the flexural strength of SiC-based porous ceramics used for hot gas filter support. J Eur Ceram Soc 2011; 31: 825–831.