An improved impact damage model is proposed, which can be used to analyze the progressive failure behavior of fiber-reinforced composites. The model is constructed based on the 3D Hashin failure criterion. However, the difference is that the strain component along the thickness direction in the matrix energy evolution model is introduced, and the effects of and on impact damage are added. Rigid-body and bird-body impact problems are studied, which validates the accuracy of the numerical model by comparison with experiments. A 3D numerical model of light aircraft fuel tank impact is constructed, and the SPH-FEM coupling method is used to predict the bird strike failure problem. The structural damage and impact behavior of a light aircraft fuel tank under impact loading are analyzed. The results show that, under different impact energies, the damage to the matrix is more serious and expands along the fiber direction, and the structure presents different damage forms. This paper provides an effective research model for the study of drop shock and the airworthiness of composite fuel tanks.
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