Physico-chemical treatment of marble processing wastewater and the recycling of its sludge

Abstract

In the first part of this study, the treatability of marble processing wastewater by the coagulation-flocculation process was investigated. Optimum coagulant-flocculant doses for turbidity removal in wastewater from the cutting, faience and equalization processes were determined as 500, 200 and 500 ppm of Al₂(SO₄)₃; 300, 500 and 300 ppm of FeCl₃ and 600, 400 and 200 ppm of Agrofloc 100 (AGRON Water Treatment Technologies and Chemical Marketing Industry and Trade Limited Company, İzmir, Turkey), respectively. It was found that the removal of total solids from cutting and equalization process wastewaters was highest for the 100 ppm dosage of all chemicals used. The amount of total solids removed from faience process wastewater by Agrofloc 100 was higher than that removed by the other chemicals used. The removals of suspended solids from cutting, faience and equalization process wastewaters were similar to each other for each of the chemicals. The pH values after treatment by Agrofloc 100 were higher than the values determined after treatment by other chemicals for all process wastewater. Electrical conductivity values, however, were lower for Agrofloc 100 than for the others. Settled sludge volume experiments showed that settled sludge volumes decreased with time. The results of the quiescent settling experiment showed that the settling type could be termed flocculent settling. In the second part of the study, the usage of waste sludge from marble processing as an additive material in cement was investigated. The waste sludge originated from the wastewaters of different steps of the marble processing plant. Waste sludge was replaced with cement at various percentages by weight to prepare the mixtures of mortar. The specimens poured into the moulds were held for 24 h, removed from the moulds and held again for 28 days in lime-saturated water at 23°C. Compressive and flexural strengths were evaluated with respect to percentages of waste sludge replaced with cement. The maximum compressive and flexural strengths were observed for specimens containing a 6% waste sludge when compared with control and it was also found that waste sludge up to 9% could effectively be used as an additive material in cement.

Keywords

Marble processing wastewater coagulation-flocculation physico-chemical treatment sludge recycling wmr 898-3

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Aguilar, M.I. , Sáez, J. , Lloréns, M. , Soler, A. & Ortuño, J.F. (2002) Nutrient removal and sludge production in the coagulation-flocculation process . Water Research, 36, 2910-2919 .

Akman, M.S. (1987) Yapı Malzemeleri. İTÜ İnşaat Fakültesi Matbaasi, İstanbul.

Antiohos, S. , Maganari, K. & Tsimas, S. (2005) Evaluation of blends of high and low calcium fly ashes for use as supplementary cementing materials . Cement and Concrete Composites, 27, 349-356 .

APHA, AWWA & WPCF . (1989) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 17th edn. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC .

Ayoub, G.M. , Merhebi, F. , Acra, A. , El-Fadel, M. & Koopman, B. (2000) Seawater bittern for the treatment of alkalized industrial effluents . Water Research, 34, 640-656 .

DeLuca, T.H. & DeLuca, D.K. (1997) Composting for feedlot manure management and soil quality . Journal of Production Agriculture, 10, 235-241 .

Esen, Y. (1996) Polivinil Alkol Katkılı Lifli Betonlarm Özellikleri ve Kullanılabilirliğinin Araştırılması, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İnşaat Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Elazığ.

James, C.R. & O’melia, C.R. (1982) Considering sludge production in the selection of coagulants . Journal of the American Water Works Association, 74, 148-151 .

Ndegwa, P.M. & Thompson, S.A. (2001) Integrating composting and vermicomposting in the treatment and bioconversion of biosolids . Bioresource Technology, 76, 107-112 .

10.

Ravina, L. (1993) Everything You Want to Know About Coagulation & Flocculation, Fourth edition. Zeta-Meter, Inc, Staunton, VA, USA .

11.

Tchobanoglous, G. , Theisen, H. & Vigil, S. (1993) Integrated Solid Waste Management, Engineering Principles and Management Issues. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York .

12.

Terzi, S. (2000) Mermer Toz Atıkların Asfalt Betonunda Filler Malzemesi Olarak Kullanımının Araştırılması, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Yapı Eğitimi Anabilim Dalı, Isparta.

13.

Tuncan, M. , Tuncan, A. & Cetin, A. (2003) The use of waste materials in asphalt concrete mixtures . Waste Management & Research, 21, 83-92 .

14.

Turkish Standards. TS 24, Turkish Standards Institute, Ankara, Turkey.

15.

Valls, S. , Yagüe, A. , Vázquez, E. & Mariscal, C. (2004) Physical and mechanical properties of concrete with added dry sludge from a sewage treatment plant . Cement and Concrete Research, 34, 2203-2208 .

16.

Wang, K.-S. & Hsieh, H.-N. (2005) Pozzolanic reactions in municipal solid waste ıncinerator fly-ash-slag-blended cements . Cement and Concrete Research, in press.

17.

Wu, K.-R. , Chen, B. , Yao, W. & Zhang, D. (2001) Effect of coarse aggregate type on mechanical properties of high-performance concrete . Cement and Concrete Research, 31, 1421-1425 .