A large amount of construction and demolition waste is being generated owing to rapid urbanisation in Indian cities. A reliable estimate of construction and demolition waste generation is essential to create awareness about this stream of solid waste among the government bodies in India. However, the required data to estimate construction and demolition waste generation in India are unavailable or not explicitly documented. This study proposed an approach to estimate construction and demolition waste generation using waste generation rates and demonstrated it by estimating construction and demolition waste generation in Chennai city. The demolition waste generation rates of primary materials were determined through regression analysis using waste generation data from 45 case studies. Materials, such as wood, electrical wires, doors, windows and reinforcement steel, were found to be salvaged and sold on the secondary market. Concrete and masonry debris were dumped in either landfills or unauthorised places. The total quantity of construction and demolition debris generated in Chennai city in 2013 was estimated to be 1.14 million tonnes. The proportion of masonry debris was found to be 76% of the total quantity of demolition debris. Construction and demolition debris forms about 36% of the total solid waste generated in Chennai city. A gross underestimation of construction and demolition waste generation in some earlier studies in India has also been shown. The methodology proposed could be utilised by government bodies, policymakers and researchers to generate reliable estimates of construction and demolition waste in other developing countries facing similar challenges of limited data availability.
Al-sariMIAl-khatibIAAvraamidesM (2012) A study on the attitudes and behavioural influence of construction waste management in occupied Palestinian territory. Waste Management & Research30: 122–136.
2.
BergsdalHBohneRABrattebH (2007) Projection of construction and demolition waste in Norway. Journal of Industrial Ecology11: 27–39.
3.
BernardoMCastilhoMBritoJD (2016) Demolition waste generation for development of a regional management chain model. Waste Management49: 156–169.
4.
BossinkBAGBrouwersHJH (1996) Construction waste: Quantification and source evaluation. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management122: 55–60.
5.
Bureau of Indian Standards (1987) Indian Standards Code of Practice for Design Loads for Buildings and Structures: Part 1 Dead Loads- Unit Weights of Building Materials and Stored Materials. India: Bureau of Indian Standards.
ChengJCPMaLYH (2013) A BIM-based system for demolition and renovation waste estimation and planning. Waste Management33: 1539–1551.
8.
CochranKMTownsendTG (2010) Estimating construction and demolition debris generation using a materials flow analysis approach. Waste Management30: 2247–2254.
9.
CochranKTownsendTReinhartD. (2007). Estimation of regional building-related C&D debris generation and composition: Case study for Florida, US. Waste Management27: 921–931.
10.
CoelhoAde BritoJ (2011) Generation of construction and demolition waste in Portugal. Waste Management & Research29: 739–750.
11.
De MeloABGonçalvesAFMartinsIM (2011) Construction and demolition waste generation and management in Lisbon (Portugal). Resources, Conservation and Recycling55: 1252–1264.
12.
DingTXiaoJ (2014) Estimation of building-related construction and demolition waste in Shanghai. Waste Management34: 2327–2334.
13.
FattaDPapadopoulosAAvramikosE. (2003) Generation and management of construction and demolition waste in Greece—an existing challenge. Resources, Conservation and Recycling40: 81–91.
14.
FischerCWergeM (2009) EU as a recycling society. Present recycling levels of Municipal Waste and Construction & Demolition Waste in the EU. European Topic Centre on Resource and Waste Management. European Environment Agency Publications. Available at: http://scp.eionet.europa.eu/publications/wp2009_2/wp/WP2009_2 (accessed 16 November 2016).
15.
HsiaoTYHuangYTYuYH. (2003) Modeling materials flow of waste concrete from construction and demolition wastes in Taiwan. Resources Policy28: 39–47.
16.
KartamNAl-MutairiNAl-GhusainI. (2004) Environmental management of construction and demolition waste in Kuwait. Waste Management24: 1049–1059.
17.
KernAPDiasFMKulakowskiPM. (2015) Waste generated in high-rise buildings construction: A quantification model based on statistical multiple regression. Waste Management39: 35–44.
18.
KofoworolaOFGheewalaSH (2009) Estimation of construction waste generation and management in Thailand. Waste Management29: 731–738.
19.
KrishnamurthyRDesouzaKC (2015) Chennai, India. Cities42: 118–129.
20.
LageIMAbellaFMHerreroCV. (2010) Estimation of the annual production and composition of C&D Debris in Galicia (Spain). Waste Management30: 636–645.
21.
LiJDingZMiX. (2013) A model for estimating construction waste generation index for building project in China. Resources, Conservation & Recycling74: 20–26.
22.
LiYZhangX (2013) Web-based construction waste estimation system for building construction projects. Automation in Construction35: 142–156.
23.
LlatasC (2011) A model for quantifying construction waste in projects according to the European waste list. Waste Management31: “1261–1276.
24.
LuWTamVWY (2013) Construction waste management policies and their effectiveness in Hong Kong: A longitudinal review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews23: 214–223.
25.
LuWWebsterCPengY. (2016) Estimating the amount of building-related construction and demolition waste in China. International Journal of Construction Management17: 13–24.
26.
MahCMFujiwaraTHoCS (2016) Construction and demolition waste generation rates for high-rise buildings in Malaysia. Waste Management & Research34: 1224–1230.
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (2016) Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules. G.S.R. 317 (E). The Gazette of India, Part-II, Section-3, Sub-section (ii). Available at: www.moef.gov.in/sites/default/files/C%20&D%20rules%202016.pdf (accessed 16 November 2016).
31.
MoyanoPMAgudoAR (2013) Selective classification and quantification model of C&D waste from material resources consumed in residential building construction. Waste Management & Research31: 458–474.
32.
PazDHLafayetteKP (2016) Forecasting of construction and demolition waste in Brazil. Waste Management & Research34: 708–716.
33.
PoonCSYuATWWongSW. (2004) Management of construction waste in public housing projects in Hong Kong. Construction Management and Economics22: 675–689.
34.
RaoAJhaKNMisraS (2007) Use of aggregates from recycled construction and demolition waste in concrete. Resources, Conservation and Recycling50: 71–81.
35.
SáezPVMerinoDRMPorras-AmoresC (2012) Estimation of construction and demolition waste volume generation in new residential buildings in Spain. Waste Management & Research30: 137–146.
36.
SáezPVMerinoDRMPorras-AmoresC. (2014) Assessing the accumulation of construction waste generation during residential building construction works. Resources, Conservation and Recycling93: 67–74.
37.
SeoSHwangY (1999) An estimation of construction and demolition debris in Seoul, Korea: Waste amount, type, and estimating model. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association49: 980–985.
38.
Solís-GuzmánJMarreroMMontes-DelgadoMV. (2009) A Spanish model for quantification and management of construction waste. Waste Management29: 2542–2548.
