Lethality,accumulation and toxicokinetics of aluminum in some tissues of male albino rats

In the present work, the lethality percentiles including median lethal doses (LD₅₀), accumulation, distribution and toxicokinetics of aluminum in the liver, kidney, intestine, brain and serum of male albino rats, following a single oral administration were studied throughout 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. The estimated LD₅₀ at 24 h was 3.45 g Al/kg body weight (b.wt.). The utilized dose of Al was 1/50 LD₅₀ (0.07 g Al/kg b.wt.). Aluminum residues, in Al-treated rats, were significantly decreased in response to the experimental periods and were negatively correlated with time. In addition, the hepatic, renal, intestinal, brain and serum Al contents were significantly higher than the corresponding controls at all experimental periods, except the brain that showed significant depletion when compared with its corresponding control after 28 days. Kinetically, the highest average of Al area under concentration − time curves (AUC_total, μg/g day) and area under moment concentration − time curves (AUMC_total, µg/g day²) recorded in the brain followed by kidney, serum, intestine and liver. The longest elimination half-life time (t _1/2, day) and the mean residence time (MRT, day) were recorded in the brain followed by the liver, kidney, serum and intestine. On the other hand, the slowest clearance rates (Cls, L/day) of Al, in order, were recorded in brain, kidney, serum, intestine and the liver. The elimination rate constant (Lz, day^{− 1}) of Al from the brain was less than that in the intestine and serum was less than that in the liver and kidney. The computed maximum concentrations (C _max) of Al in the intestine > kidney > serum > brain > liver were recorded after 3, 3.8, 2.2, 5.4 and 3.8 days, respectively. The computed starting concentration (C ₀, μg) of Al in serum was higher than its level in the intestine followed by the brain, kidney and liver.