The present work was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of an aqueous extract of green tea (GT, Camellia sinensis) leaves against arsenic (NaAsO2)-induced biochemical toxicity and lipid peroxidation production in experimental rats. The treatment with arsenic exhibited a significant increase in some serum hepatic and renal biochemical parameters (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin, bilirubin, cholesterol, urea and creatinine). But the co-administration of GT has increased the level of plasmatic concentration of biochemical parameters. Exposure of rats to arsenic caused also a significant increase in liver, kidney and testicular thiobarbituric acid reactive substances compared to control. However, the co-administration of GT was effective in reducing its level. To conclude, our data suggest that arsenic exposure enhanced an oxidative stress by disturbing the tissue antioxidant defense system, but the GT co-administration alleviates the toxicity induced by arsenic exposure.
AllenTRanaSVS (2003) Oxidative stress by inorganic arsenic: modulation by thyroid hormones in rat. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology and Pharmacology135(2): 157–162.
2.
AndersonRFFisherLJHaraYHarrisTMakWBMeltonLD. (2001) Green tea catechins partially protect DNA from OH radical-induced strand breaks and base damage through fast chemical repair of DNA radicals. Carcinogenesis22(8): 1189–1193.
3.
AposhianHV (1989) Biochemical toxicology of arsenic. Reviews in Biochemical Toxicology10: 265–299.
4.
AugustyniakAWaszkiewiczESkrzydlewskaE (2005) Preventive action of green tea from changes in the liver antioxidant abilities of different aged rats intoxicated with ethanol. Nutrition21(9): 925–932.
5.
Ayala-FierroFBarberDSRaelLTCarterDE (1999) In vitro tissue specificity for arsine and arsenite toxicity in the rat. Toxicological Sciences52(1): 122–129.
6.
BarchowskyADudekEJTreadwellMDWetterhahnKE (1996) Arsenic induces oxidant stress and NF-kappa B activation in cultured aortic endothelial cells. Free Radical Biology and Medicine21(6): 783–790.
7.
BradfordM (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantities of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of proteinbinding. Analytical Biochemistry72: 248–254.
8.
BuegeJAAustSD (1984) Microsomal lipid peroxidation. Methods in Enzymology105: 302–310.
9.
BursillCAAbbeyMRoachPD (2007) A green tea extract lowers plasma cholesterol by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis and upregulating the LDL receptor in the cholesterol-fed rabbit. Atherosclerosis193(1): 86–93.
10.
ChatterjeaMNShindeR (2002) Text Book of Medical Biochemistry. 5th ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers, Medical Publishers Ltd, pp.317.
11.
ChenCJChenCWWuMMKuoTL (1992) Cancer potential in liver, lung, bladder and kidney due to ingested inorganic arsenic in drinking water. British Journal of Cancer66(5): 888–892.
12.
ChinoyNJMemonMR (2001) Beneficial effects of some vitamins and calcium on fluoride and aluminium toxicity on gastrocnemius muscle and liver of male mice. Fluoride34: 21–33.
13.
CoyleCHPhilipsBJMorrisroeSNChancellorMBYoshimuraN (2008) Antioxidant effects of green tea and its polyphenols on bladder cells. Life Sciences83(1-2): 12–18.
14.
CrespyVWilliamsonG (2004) A review of the health effects of green tea catechins in in vivo animal models. Journal of Nutrition134(12 suppl): 3431S–3440S.
15.
CsanakyIGregusZ (2002) Species variation in the biliary and urinary excretion of arsenate, arsenite and their metabolites. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C131(3): 355–365.
16.
DonadioCLucchesiATramontiGBianchiC (1997) Creatinine clearance predicted from body cells mass is a good indicator of renal function. Kidney International52: 166–168.
17.
El-DemerdashFMYousefMIRadwanFME (2009) Ameliorating effect of curcumin on sodium arsenite-induced oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation in different rat organs. Food and Chemical Toxicology47(1): 249–254.
18.
FloraSJS (1999) Arsenic induced oxidative stress and its reversibility following combined administration of N acetylcysteine and meso 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid in rats. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology26(11): 865–869.
19.
FloraSJSBhadauriaSPantSCDhakadRK (2005) Arsenic induced blood and brain oxidative stress and its response to some thiol chelators in rats. Life Sciences77(18): 2324–2337.
20.
FreiBHigdonJ (2003) Antioxidant activity of tea polyphenols in vivo: evidence from animal studies. Journal of Nutrition133(10): 3275–3284.
21.
GailerJ (2007) Arsenic–selenium and mercury–selenium bonds in biology. Coordination Chemistry Reviews251: 234–254.
22.
Garcia-ShavezEJimenezISeguraBRazoLMD (2006) Lipid peroxidative damage and distribution of inorganic and its metabolite in the rat nervous system after arsenite exposure: influence of alpha tocopherol. Neurotoxicology27(6): 1024–1031.
Guha MazumderDN (2005) Effect of chronic intake of arsenic contaminated water on liver. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology206(2): 169–175.
25.
GuoQZhaoBLiMShenSXinW (1996) Studies on protective mechanisms of four components of green tea polyphenols against lipid peroxidation in synaptosomes. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta130(4): 210–222.
26.
HalliwellB (1994) Free radicals and antioxidants: a personal view. Nutrition Reviews52(8 pt 1): 253–267.
27.
HalliwellBGutteridgeJMC (2002) Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine. 3rd ed. Oxford: University Press Inc., pp.105–245.
28.
HowardG (2003) Arsenic, drinking-water and health risk substitution in arsenic mitigation. Discussion paper. Geneva: World Health Organization.
29.
JankunJSelmanSHSwierczRSkrzypczak-JankunE (1997) Why drinking green tea could prevent cancer. Nature387(6633): 561.
30.
KannanGMTripathiNDubeSNFloraSJS (2001) Toxic effects of arsenic (III) on some hematopoietic and central nervous system variables in rats and guinea pigs. Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology39(7): 675–682.
31.
KatiyarSKAgarwalRMukhtarH (1994) Inhibition of spontaneous and photo-induced lipid peroxidation in mouse epidermal microsomes by epicatechin derivatives from green tea. Cancer Letters79(1): 61–66.
32.
KavithaCMalarvizhiAKumaranASRameshM (2010) Toxicological effects of arsenate exposure on hematological, biochemical and liver transaminases activity in an Indian major carp, Catla catla. Food and Chemical Toxicology48(10): 2848–2854.
33.
KennethGBGilbertLR (2002) Arsenic, drinking water, and health: a position paper of the American council on science and health. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology36(2): 162–174.
34.
KimaYJHoungSJKimaJHKimdYRJiHGLeeSJ (2011) Nanoemulsified green tea extract shows improved hypocholesterolemic effects in C57BL/6 mice. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. Epub ahead of print 29 March 2011. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.11.015.
35.
KlaassenCDWatkinJB (1984) Mechanism of formation, hepatic uptake and biliary excretion. Pharmacological Reviews36: 1–67.
36.
LeeT-CChengI-CShueJ-JWangTC (2011) Cytotoxicity of arsenic trioxide is enhanced by (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate via suppression of ferritin in cancer cells. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology250(1): 69–77.
37.
LiaMSHsuehYMChenCJShyuMPChenSYKuoTL. (1994) Ingested inorganic arsenic and prevalence of diabetes mellitus. American Journal of Epidemiology139(5): 484–492.
38.
LiuSXAtharMLippaiIWaldrenCHeiTK (2001) Induction of oxyradicals by arsenic: implication for mechanism of genotoxicity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences98(4): 1643–1648.
39.
LynnSGurrJRLaiHTJanKY (2000) NADH oxidase activation is involved in arsenite induced oxidative DNA damage in human vascular smooth muscle cells. Circulation Research86(5): 514–519.
40.
MannaPSinhaMSilPC (2008) Arsenic-induced oxidative myocardial injury: protective role of arjunolic acid. Archives of Toxicology82(3): 137–149.
41.
MatschullatJ (2000) Arsenic in the geosphere a review. Science of the Total Environment249(1-3): 297–312.
42.
MehanaEEMekiARFaziliKM (2010) Ameliorated effects of green tea extract on lead induced liver toxicity in rats. Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology. Epub ahead of print 12 October 2010. DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2010.09.001.
43.
MessarahMKlibetFBoumendjelAAbdennourCBouzernaNBoulakoudMS. (2010) Hepatoprotective role and antioxidant capacity of selenium on arsenic-induced liver injury in rats. Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology. Epub ahead of print 17 September 2010. DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2010.08.002.
44.
MohamadinAEl-BeshbishyHEl-MahdyM (2005) Green tea extract attenuates cyclosporine A-induced oxidative stress in rats. Pharmacological Research51(1): 51–57.
45.
MohamedMAbdellatifMDSabarAElglammalMD (2003) Sodium fluoride ion and renal function after prolonged sevoflurane or isoflurane anaesthesia. Eng J Anaesth19: 78–83.
46.
NandiDPatraRCSwarupD (2006) Oxidative stress indices and plasma biochemical parameters during oral exposure to arsenic in rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology44(9): 1579–1584.
47.
National Research Council (NRC) (2001) Arsenic in drinking water: 2001 update. Subcommittee to update the 1999 arsenic in drinking water report, committee on toxicology, board on environmental studies and toxicology. http://www.nap.edu/openbook(accessed April 2011).
48.
NicoPSFendorfSELowneyYWHolmSERubyMV (2004). Chemical structure of arsenic and chromium in CCA-treated wood: implications of environmental weathering. Environmental Science and Technology38(19): 5253–5260.
49.
NkoziCZOpokuARTerblancheSE (2005) Effect pumpkin seed (Cucurbita pepo) protein isolate on the activity levels of certain plasma enzymes in CCl4-indued liver injury in low protein fed rats. Phytotherapy Research19(4): 341–345.
50.
OstrowskaJŁuczajWKasackaIKasackaIRòżańskiASkrzydlewskaE (2004) Green tea protects against ethanol-induced lipid peroxidation. Alcohol32(1): 25–32.
51.
PalSChatterjeeAK (2004) Protective effect of methionine supplementation on arsenic-induced alteration of glucose homeostasis. Food and Chemical Toxicology42(5): 737–742.
52.
PaulDSHernández-ZavalaAWaltonFS (2007) Examination of the effects of arsenic on glucose homeostasis in cell culture and animal studies: development of a mouse model for arsenic-induced diabetes. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 222:305–314.
53.
RamosOCarrizalesLYanezL (1995) Arsenic increased lipid peroxidation in rat tissues by a mechanism independent of glutathione levels. Environmental Health Perspectives103(suppl 1): 85–88.
54.
Rice-EvansCAMillerNJPagangaG (1996) Structure antioxidant activity relationship of flavonoids and phenolic acids. Free Radical Biology and Medicine20(7): 933–956.
55.
SharangiAB (2009) Medicinal and therapeutic potentialities of tea (Camellia sinensis L.). A review. Food Research International42: 529–535.
56.
SimeonovaPPLusterMI (2004) Arsenic and atherosclerosis. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 198: 444–449.
57.
SinhaDBhattacharyaRKSiddiquiMRoyM (2005) Amelioration of sodium arsenite-induced clastogenicity by tea extracts in Chinese hamster v 79 cells. Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology24(2): 129–140.
58.
SmedleyPLKinniburghDG (2002) A review of the source, behaviour and distribution of arsenic in natural waters. Applied Geochemistry17: 517–569.
59.
SmithAHGoycoleaMHaqueRBiggsML (1998) Marked increase in bladder and lung cancer mortality in a region of northern Chile due to arsenic in drinking water. American Journal of Epidemiology147(7): 660–669.
60.
SoussiACrouteFSoleilhavoupJPKammounAEl FekiA (2006) Impact du thé vert sur l’effet oxydatif du métavanadate d’ammonium chez le rat male pubère. Comptes Rendus Biologies329(10): 775–784.
61.
TeraoJPiskulaMYaoQ (1994) Protective effect of epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, and quercetin on lipid peroxidation in phospholipid bilayers. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics308(1): 278–284.
62.
ThephinlapCOunjaijeanSKhansuwanUFucharoenSPorterJBSrichairatanakcoolS (2007) Epigallocatechin-3-gallate and epicatechin-3-gallate from green tea decrease plasma non transferrin bound iron and erythrocyte oxidative stress. Medicinal Chemistry3(3): 289–296.
63.
TrevisanatoSKimY (2000) Tea and health nutrition. Nutrition Reviews58(1): 1–10.
64.
TsengWP (1989) Blackfoot disease in Taiwan: a 30-year fellow-up study. Angiology40(6): 547–558.
65.
TsengC (2004) The potential biological mechanisms of arsenic-induced diabetes mellitus. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology197(2): 67–83.
66.
VahidniaARomijnFvan der VoetGBde WolffF A (2008) Arsenic-induced neurotoxicity in relation to toxicokinetics: Effects on sciatic nerve proteins. Chemico-Biological Interactions176(2-3): 188–195.
67.
ValkoMRhodesCJMoncolJIzakovicMMazurM (2006) Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer. Chemico-Biological Interactions160(1): 1–40.
68.
VargaMBurisL (1990) Quantitative ultrastructural analysis of hepatoprotective effects of (+)-cyanidanol-3 on alcoholic liver damage. Experimental and Molecular Pathology52(2): 249–257.
69.
WaltonFSHarmonAWPaulDSDrobnáZPatelYMStybloM (2004) Inhibition of insulin-dependent glucose uptake by trivalent arsenicals: possible mechanism of arsenic-induced diabetes. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology198(3): 424–433.
70.
WangTSKuoCFJanKYHuangH (1996) Arsenite induces apoptosis in Chinese Hamster ovary cells by generation of reactive oxygen species. Journal of Cellular Physiology169(2): 256–268.
71.
WelchAHStollenwerkKG (2001) Arsenic in Groundwater: Geochemistry and Occurrence. Dordrecht: Kluwer academic publishers, pp.27–65.
72.
YadavRSSankhwarMLShuklaRKChandraRPantABIslamF. (2009) Attenuation of arsenic neurotoxicity by curcumin in rats. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology240(3): 367–376.
73.
YamanakaKHayashiHKatoKHasegawaATachikawaMOkuN. (1997) Metabolic methylation is a possible genotoxicity-enhancing process of inorganic arsenics. Mutation Research394(1-3): 95–101.
74.
YokozawaTNakagawaTKitaniK (2002) Antioxidative activity of green tea polyphenol in cholesterol-fed rats. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry50(12): 3549–3552.
75.
YousefIMEl-DemerdashMMRadwanFME (2008) Sodium arsenite induced biochemical perturbations in rats: ameliorating effect of curcumin. Food and Chemical Toxicology46(11): 3506–3511.
