This study focused on two areas (Abu-Zaabal and El-Tal El-Kabir) of the Ismailia canal. The samples represented the effect of the factories’ effluent discharge onto the canal. Physical characteristics (water temperature and pH) and chemical characteristics (total hardness, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand) were measured to identify the water quality in the two areas of the Ismailia canal. These measurements showed slight variations between the two stations. Additionally, the histological and histochemical analyses in the liver of Bagrus bayad fish samples were done. Histological studies of liver showed more severe degeneration in the fish samples of El-Tal El-Kabir station. Histochemical studies on protein and glycogen contents in the liver of B. bayad showed a progressive decrease in their staining intensity to bromophenol blue and periodic acid Schiff at two stations. This study, therefore, concludes that Ismailia canal water (Abu-Zaabal and El-Tall El-Kabir) stations create metabolic crisis and impairment in fish liver. The depletion in the levels of protein and glycogen points leads to the exhaustion of cell energy that is of high demand for fish during stressful conditions. Therefore, it is imperative for the authorities concerned to ensure that treated effluent discharge comply with acceptable standards to save our environment from destruction.
APHA (1998) Standard Methods for the Examination for Water and Waste Water. 4th ed. New York, NY: American Public Health Association.
2.
AnandhiUDMurthyPS (2006) Chemical stress on the liver of Glossogobius giuris (Ham.): an overview. Advanced Environmental Technology27(1): 79–96.
3.
BishopPL (2000) Pollution Prevention. Fundamentals and Practice. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.
4.
CengizEIUnluE (2006) Sublethal effects of commercial deltamethrin on the structure of the gill, liver and gut tissues of mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis: a microscopic study. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology21: 246–253.
5.
ChinDA (2000) Water Resources Engineering. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall Inc., pp. 585–635.
6.
CorbellaBVietaE (2003) Molecular target of lithium action. Acta Neuropsychiatrica15: 316–340.
7.
DcruzFGMirandaMTP (2006) Sublethal effects of titanium dioxide industrial effluents on biochemical composition of the fish Oreochromis mossambicus. Journal of Ecobiology19: 01–08.
8.
DuttaHMAdhikariNKSinghPKMunshiJS (1993) Histopathological changes induced by malathion in the liver of a freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). Bulletin Environmental Contamination Toxicology51: 895–900.
9.
El-HaddadESM (2005) Some environmental studies on water and sediment of Ismailia canal from El-Mazalat to Anshas region. Thesis for Master degree, Faculty of Science. Al Azhar University, Egypt.
10.
FantaERiosFSRomoSAViannaCCFreibergerS (2003) Histopathology of the fish Corydoras paleatus contaminated with sublethal levels of organophosphorus in water and food. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety54: 119–130.
11.
HingoraniHGDiwanADChandrasekhranN (1979) Oxygen consumption in fish Labeo rohita under exposition to different concentrations of blood cells in young Baltic Salmon Salmo saler L. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica102: 290–300.
12.
HolopainenALNiinojaRRämöA (2003) Seasonal succession, vertical distribution, and long-term variation of phytoplankton communities in two shallow forest lakes in eastern Finland. Hydrobiologia506–509: 237–245.
13.
HotchkissRD (1948) A microchemical reaction resulting in the staining polysaccharide structures in fixed tissue preparations. Archives of Biochemistry16: 131.
14.
HussainMIChannaA (2011) Liver of the snow trout, Schizothorax curvifrons Heckel: ahistochemical study. International Journal Biology and Chemistry5(1): 75–85.
15.
JqrgensenDELaurenDGGianCS (1988) Principles of Environmental Science and Technology. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier, pp. 0–1 and 3–4.
16.
KopeckaJLehtonemKKBarsieneJBroegKVuorienPJGerckenJ. (2006) Measurement of biomarker level in flounder (Platichthys flesus) and blue mussel (Mytilus trossulus) from the Gulf of Gdansk (Southern Baltic). Marine Pollution Bulletin53: 406–421.
17.
KumariANRamKumariS (1997) Effect of polluted water on histochemical localization of carbohydrates in a freshwater teleost C. punctatus form Hussain Sagar lake, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh. Pollutant Research16: 197–200.
18.
KumarSGopalK (2001) Impact of distillery effluent on physiological consequences in the freshwater teleost Channa punctatus. Bulletin Environmental Contamination Toxicology66: 617–622.
19.
LiuSMJonesWJ (1995) Biotransformation of of dichloroaromatic compounds in non adapted and adapted fresh water sediment sturries. Applied Microbial Biotechnology43: 725–732.
20.
MahmoudSA (2002) Evaluation of toxicity of some pollutant on histological and biochemical features of Orcachomis niloticus in River Nile. PhD Thesis, Faculty of Science, Banha Branch, Zagazig University, Egypt.
21.
MaziaDBrewerPAAlfertM (1953) Cytochemical staining and measurement of protein with mercuric bromophenol. blue. Journal Biological Bulletin104: 57–67.
22.
McleayDJBrownDA (1979) Stress and chronic effects of untreated and treated bleached kraft pulp mill effluent on the biochemistry and stamina of juvenile Coho salmon (Onchorhynchus kistuch). Journal of Fish Board of Canada36(9): 1049–1059.
23.
NaikSJKDeviVVPiskaS (2004) Toxicity of tannery effluent on carbohydrate, protein, lipid constituents in the selected tissue of Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus). Journal of Aquatic Biology19(1): 177–181.
24.
OikariANakariJ (1985) Ubacute physiological effects of bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME) on the liver of trout, (Salmo.gairdneri). Ecotoxicology Environmental Safety10: 159.
25.
PathanTSThetePBShindeSESonawaneDLKhillareYK (2009) Histochemical changes in the liver of freshwater fish, Rasbora daniconius, exposed to paper mill effluent. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture21(2): 71–78.
26.
PearseGW (1968) Histological effects and diagnostic problems of mycotoxins in poultry. Proc. 25th West States Poult. Dis. Conference. pp. 76–79.
27.
RobertsRJ (2001) Fish Pathology. 3rd ed. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, USA, pp 462.
28.
RodriguesELFantaE (1998) Liver histopathology of the fish Brachydanio rerio after acute exposure to sublethal levels of the organophosphate dimethoat 500. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia15: 441–450.
29.
RogerTD (1980) Mechanism and regulation of protein degradation in animal cells. In: CleemensHJAshwellM (eds) Biochemistry of Cellular Regulation. Vol II. Florida, FL: CRS Press, pp. 101.
30.
SabaeSZAbdoMHRefatBMHarounBMHassaninMF (2006) Evaluation of water quality, microbial diversity and antibiotic susceptibility of bathogenic bacteria in the river Nile, Egypt. International Journal of Lakes and Rivers. Issue No. 0973 – 4570, 1: 97–116.
31.
SakrSAJamal Al LaialSM (2005) Fenvalerate induced histopathological and histochemical changes in the liver of the catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Journal Applied Science1(3):263–267.
32.
SarkarBChatterjeeAAdhikariSAyyappanS (2005) Carbofuran and cypermethrin induced histopathological alterations in the liver of Labeo rohita (Hamilton) and its recovery. Journal Applied Ichthyology21: 131–135.
33.
ShaffiSA (1980) The acute industrial effluent toxicity to freshwater. Toxicology Letters5: 183–190.
34.
ShaffiSA (1981) Distillery waste toxicity of metabolic dysfunctioning in nine freshwater teleost. Toxicology Letters8: 179–186.
35.
TayelSIM (2002) Histological biochemical and hematological studies on Ttilipia zilli and Clarios lazera in relation to water quality criteria at different locations in Delta Barrage. PhD Thesis, Faculty of Science, Banha Branch, Zagazig University, Egypt.
36.
USEPA (1999) National recommended water quality criteria – correction – United State Environmental Protection Agency EPA 822-Z-99-001; pp.25Available at: http://www.epa.gov./ostwater/pci/revcom (accessed April 1999).
37.
YadavAGopeshAPandeyR (2007) Fertilizer industry effluent induced biochemical changes in fresh water teleost, Channa striatus (Bloch). Bulletin Environmental Contamination Toxicology79: 588–595.
