Amelioration of carbon tetrachloride-induced pulmonary toxicity with Oxalis corniculata

This research work was planned to investigate the antioxidant potential of methanolic crude extract of Oxalis corniculata (OCME) against lung injuries initiated by carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) in rats at histological and biochemical level. A total of 42 female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly distributed in to seven groups and each group comprised of six rats. Experiment was completed in 22 days (10 doses at alternate days). Group I was not treated (control rats), while group II was administered with vehicles (olive oil and dimethyl sulfoxide), groups III, IV, and V were treated with 1 ml kg⁻¹ body weight (b.w.) of CCl₄ (20% in olive oil). Group III received only CCl₄, whereas groups IV and V were administered with 100 and 200 mg kg⁻¹ b.w. of OCME, respectively. Group VI was administered with OCME (200 mg kg⁻¹ b.w.) alone. Group VII was treated with sylimarin (50 mg kg⁻¹ b.w.). CCl₄ enhanced the lipid peroxidation while reduced the glutathione in lung samples. Activities of antioxidant enzymes, catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione-S-transferase decreased in lung homogenates with CCl₄. Treatment of CCl₄ induced deleterious changes in the microanatomy of lungs by rupturing the alveolar septa, thickening of alveolar walls, and damaging the cells with subsequent collapse of blood vessels due to the accumulation of degenerated blood cells. OCME, dose dependently, prevented the alterations in these parameters. These results suggest that OCME protected the lungs due to its intrinsic properties by scavenging of free radicals generated by CCl₄.