The present study was undertaken to investigate the toxic effects of sodium fluoride (NaF) on sperm motility and abnormality. Treatment of epididymal sperm suspensions with different doses of NaF (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 mg/ml) significantly reduced sperm motility at 15- and 30-min time intervals. Further, incubation at the same concentrations of NaF for 5-, 10-, and 15-min time intervals decreased sperm motility in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The present investigation revealed for the first time the adverse effect of lower doses of NaF (0.1 mg/ml) on sperm motility. Further, higher doses of NaF (10 and 100 mg/ml) caused a complete loss of sperm motility with a concomitant increase in sperm abnormality, which reflected the toxic effect of NaF on spermatozoa and its capability in fertilization.
BatainehHNNusierMK (2006) Impact of 12-week ingestion of sodium fluoride on aggression, sexual behavior, and fertility in adult male rats. Fluoride39: 293–301.
2.
ChinoyNJNarayanaMV (1994) In vitro fluoride toxicity in human spermatozoa. Reproductive Toxicology8: 155–159. DOI: 10.1016/0890-6238(94)90022 -1.
3.
ChinoyNJSharmaA (1998) Amelioration of fluoride toxicity by vitamins E and D in reproductive functions of male mice. Fluoride31: 203–216.
4.
ChinoyNJNarayanaMVDalalV. (1995) Amelioration of fluoride toxicity in some accessory glands and spermatozoa of rat. Fluoride28: 75–86.
5.
ChinoyNJShuklaSWalimbeAS. (1997) Fluoride toxicity on rat testis and cauda epididymal tissue components and its reversal. Fluoride30: 41–50.
6.
DarszonALabarcaPNishigakiT. (1999) Ion channels in sperm physiology. Physiological Reviews79: 481–510.
7.
DoullJBoekelheideKFarishianBG. (2006) Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Scientific Review of EPA’s Standards, Committee on Fluoride in Drinking Water, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Division on Earth and Life Sciences. Washington, DC: National Research Council of the National Academies. National Academies Press, p. 530.
8.
GiriDKGhoshRCKashyapDK. (2013) Evaluation of subacute sodium fluoride toxicity on spermatozoa and testicular tissue of male Wistar rats. The Bioscan8(3): 983–987.
9.
GuptaRSKhanTIAgarwalD. (2007) The toxic effects of sodium fluoride on the reproductive system of male rats. Toxicology and Industrial Health23: 507–513. DOI: 10.1177/0748233708089041. PMID: 18681235.
10.
KimJKwonWSRahmanMS. (2015) Effect of sodium fluoride on male mouse fertility. Andrology3: 544–551. DOI: 10.1111/andr.12006.
11.
KumarASusheelaAK (1994) Ultra structural studies of spermiogenesis in rabbit exposed to chronic fluoride toxicity. International Journal Fertility and Menopausal Studies39: 164–171. PMID: 7920753.
12.
KumarASusheelaAK (1995) Effects of chronic fluoride toxicity on the morphology of ductus epididymis and the maturation of spermatozoa of rabbit. International Journal of Experimental Pathology76: 1–11. PMC1997133.
KwonWSParkYJMohamedel-SA. (2013b) Voltage dependent anion channels are a key factor of male fertility. Fertility and Sterility99: 354–361. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.09.021.
15.
NarayanaKD’SouzaUJSeetharamaKP (2002) Ribavirin-induced sperm shape abnormalities in Wistar rat. Mutation Research513: 193–119. DOI: 10.1016/S1383-5718 (01)00308-4.
16.
Ortiz-PerezDRodriguez-MartinezMMartinezF. (2003) Fluoride-induced disruption of reproductive hormones in men. Environmental Research93(1): 20–30. DOI: 10.1016/S0013-9351(03)00059-8.
17.
OzsvathDL (2009) Fluoride and environmental health: A Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio Technology8: 59–79. DOI: 10.1007/s 11157-008-9136-9.
18.
PratheebaaPDhivyalakshmiSShankarP. (2013) Fluoride toxicity in humans: effect on serum and plasma enzyme levels in endemic areas of Krishnagiri district of Tamil Nadu, India. Journal of Life Medicine1: 33–37.
19.
PushpalathaTSrinivasMReddyPS (2005) Exposure to high fluoride concentration in drinking water will affect spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in male albino rats. BioMetals18: 207–212. DOI: 10.1007/s10534-005-0336-2.
20.
ReddyPSPushpalathaTReddyPS (2007) Suppression of male reproduction in rats after exposure to sodium fluoride during early stages of development. Naturwissenschaften94: 607–611. DOI: 10.1007/s00114-007-0224-4.
21.
SaaluLCKpelaTBeneboAS. (2010) The dose dependent testiculoprotective and testiculotoxic potentials of Telfairia occidentalis hook f. leaves extract in rat. International Journal of Applied Research in Natural Products3: 27–28.
22.
SchoffPKLardyHA (1987) Effects of fluoride and caffeine on metabolism and motility of ejaculated bovine spermatozoa. Biology of Reproduction37: 1037–1046. DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod37.4.1037.
23.
SusheelaAKKumarA (1991) A study of the effect of high concentrations of fluoride on the organs of male rabbits, using light and scanning electron microscopy. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility92: 353–360. DOI: 10.1530/jrf.0.0920353.
24.
TeotraSPSTeotraM (1972) Calcification of the vas deferens in a patient with endemic fluorosis. Fluoride5: 86–88.
25.
VegaSGGuzmanPGarciaL. (1988) Sperm shape abnormality and urine mutagenicity in mice treated with niclosamide. Mutation Research204: 269–276. DOI: 10.1016/0165-1218(88)90099-7.
26.
WanSXZhangJHWangJD (2006) Effects of high F on sperm quality in male rats. Fluoride39(1): 1721.
27.
ZakrzewskaHUdałaJBłaszczykbB (2002) In vitro influence of sodium fluoride on ram semen quality and enzyme activities. Fluoride35: 153–160.
28.
ZhouYZhangHHeJ. (2013) Effects of sodium fluoride on reproductive function in female rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology56: 229–231. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.02.026. PMID: 23459146.
