A Tumescent Technique for Subperiosteal Endoscopic Forehead/Brow Lifts

Rejuvenation of the upper one-third of the face has undergone many changes in the past few years. The use of the coronal brow-lift has decreased, and the use of limited incision procedures has come to the forefront. Endoscopic techniques have improved and the results are now comparable to those of the open technique. Tumescent anesthesia has been used in both liposuction surgery and cervicofacial rhytidectomy. The use of tumescent anesthesia can be problematic when the plane of dissection is subperiosteal. This paper describes a technique for subperiosteal tumescent anesthesia and initial dissection in the endoscopic forehead-lift procedure.