The Effect of Perceived Organizational Support of Nurses on Their Resilience: A Cross-Sectional Study From Turkey

Abstract

Background

Throughout and following the ongoing Coronavirus outbreak, there is an urgent need to focus on organizational support strategies aimed at improving the resilience of nurses.

Purpose

This research aims to examine the relationship between the nurses’ perceived organizational support and their resilience levels, and to reveal the characteristics that make a significant difference.

Methods

The data of this descriptive and cross-sectional study were collected from 722 nurses in February 2021 using the web-based survey method. The study followed the STROBE guideline. The data collection tools included the Introductory Information Form, the Survey of Perceived Organizational Support, and the Psychological Resilience Scale.

Results

Nurses were concluded to have perceived a moderate level of organizational support and their psychological resilience were found to be higher than average. A positive relationship was determined between the organizational support perceived by nurses and their psychological resilience. The gender, position/title of nurses, their work experience in COVID-19 treatment services, and having been infected with the COVID-19 virus were found to affect their perception of organizational support and resilience.

Conclusion

Organizational support perceived by nurses significantly affects their resilience. Resilience programs should, in particular, prioritize permanent clinical nurses who are in the risk group in terms of resilience, female nurses, nurses who had been infected with the COVID 19 virus, and nurses who have been assigned to COVID-19 treatment wards.

Keywords

Coronavirus nursing organizational support resilience

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Badu

O’Brien

A. P.

Mitchell

Rubin

James

McNeil

Nguyen

Giles

. (2020). Workplace stress and resilience in the Australian nursing workforce: A comprehensive integrative review. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 29(1), 5–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12662

Bahar

Kocak

H. S.

Samancıoglu Baglama

Cuhadar

(2020). Can psychological resilience protect the mental health of healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Dubai Medical Journal, 3, 133–139. https://doi.org/10.1159/000510264

Balay-Odao

E. M.

Alquwez

Inocian

E. P.

Alotaibi

R. S

. (2021). Hospital preparedness, resilience, and psychological burden among clinical nurses in addressing the COVID-19 crisis in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Frontiers in Public Health, 8(8), 573–932. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.573932

Berkow

Virkstis

Herleth

Whitemarsh

Rewers

. (2020). An executive strategy to support long-term clinician engagement amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Nursing Administration, 50(12), 616–617. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNA.0000000000000946

Cam

Buyukbayram

(2017). Nurses’ resilience and effective factors. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 8(2), 118–126. https://doi.org/10.14744/phd.2017.75436

Cankaya

(2020). COVID-19 pandemia and the change in the wellbeing of healthcare employees. In: Nagy

Huseynov

(Eds.), International congress on social sciences (7., pp. 23–25) Proceeding book, 446–460.

Chen

Liang

Guo

Fei

Wang

Sheng

Cai

Wang

Zhang

. (2020). Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet. Psychiatry, 7(4), e15–e16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30078-X

Cooper

A. L.

Brown

J. A.

Rees

C. S.

Leslie

G. D

. (2020). Nurse resilience: A concept analysis. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 29(4), 553–575. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12721

10.

Cusack

Smith

Hegney

Rees

C. S.

Breen

L. J.

Witt

R. R.

Rogers

Williams

Cross

Cheung

. (2016). Exploring environmental factors in nursing workplaces that promote psychological resilience: Constructing a unified theoretical model. Frontiers in Psychology, 13(7), 600. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00600

11.

Eisenberger

Huntingon

Hutchison

Sowa

. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500–507.(Original work published in Turkish). https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.5005

12.

Goh

Y. S.

Ow Yong

Q. Y. J.

Chen

T. H. M.

S. H. C.

Chee

Y. I. C.

Chee

T. T

. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 on nurses working in a university health system in Singapore: A qualitative descriptive study. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 30(3), 643–652. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12826

13.

Greenberg

Docherty

Gnanapragasam

Wessely

. (2020). Managing mental health challenges faced by healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic. BMJ: British Medical Journal on JSTOR, 368. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1211

14.

Gul

Tufekci

Sarıoglu

. (2020). The effect of perceived organizational support on organizational health: A research on hospital employees. Journal of Business Science, 8(2), 325–350. https://doi.org/10.22139/jobs.721312

15.

Hıcdurmaz

Uzar Ozcetin

Y. S

. (2020). Protection of COVID-19 frontline nurses’ mental health and prevention of psychological trauma. Journal of Hacettepe University Faculty of Nursing, 7(Spesial Issue), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.31125/hunhemsire.775531

16.

Kong

Han

Zhang

Zhu

L. X.

Wan

S. W.

Liu

Shen

Yang

H. G.

Zhu

. (2020). Frontline nurses’ burnout, anxiety, depression, and fear statuses and their associated factors during the COVID-19 outbreak in wuhan, China: A large-scale cross-sectional study. EClinicalMedicine, 24, 100424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100424

17.

Isık

. (2016). Developing the psychological hardiness scale: the validity and reliability study. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 4(2), 165–182.

18.

Kurt

Bennett

J. A.

Mayer

Pituch

K. A.

Simpson

Skibiski

Takagi

Karaaslan

M. M.

Ozluk

Reifsnider

. (2021). Nurses’ resilience in the face of coronavirus (COVID-19): an international view. Nursing and Health Sciences, 23(3), 646–657. https://doi.org/10.1111/nhs.12863

19.

Jose

Dhandapani

Cyriac

M. C

. (2020). Burnout and resilience among frontline nurses during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study in the emergency department of a tertiary care center, north India. Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine, 24(11), 1081–1088. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23667

20.

Koh

M. Y. H.

Khoo

H. S

., Gallardo

M. D

., & Hum

. (2020). How leaders, teams and organisations can prevent burnout and build resilience: A thematic analysis’. BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2020-002774

21.

Labrague

L. J.

De Los Santos

J. A. A

. (2020). COVID-19 anxiety among front-line nurses: predictive role of organisational support, personal resilience and social support. Journal of Nursing Management, 28(7), 1653–1661. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13121

22.

Liu

Wang

. (2020). Effort-reward imbalance, resilience and perceived organizational support: A moderated mediation model of fatigue in Chinese nurses. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 13, 893–901. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S259339

23.

LoGiudice

J. A.

Bartos

. (2021). Experiences of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed-methods study. AACN Advanced Critical Care, 32(1), 14–26. https://doi.org/10.4037/aacnacc2021816

24.

Ministry of Health (2022). COVID-19 Information platform. Retrieved January 4, 2022 from https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/

25.

nCarter

Turner

K. M

. (2021). Enhancing nurse manager resilience in a pandemic. Nurse Leader, 19(6), 622–624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mnl.2021.07.007

26.

Odom-Forren

. (2020). Nursing resilience in the world of COVID-19. Journal of the American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses, 35(6), 555–556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2020.10.005

27.

Senol Celik

Koc

Atlı Ozbas

Bulut

Karahan

Cevik Aydın

Ozdemir Ozleyen

& Celik

. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic in the international year of the nurses: turkish nursing association studies. Izmir Katip Celebi University Faculty of Health Science Journal, 6(1), 23–27. https://doi.org/10.5222/KUHEAD.2020.34603.

28.

Setiawati

Wahyuhadi

Joestandari

Maramis

M. M.

Atika

. (2021). Anxiety and resilience of healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 14, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S276655

29.

Stassen

A. M.

Ursel

N. D

. (2009), Perceived organizational support, career satisfaction, and the retention of older workers, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 82(1), 201–220. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317908X288838

30.

Tabachnick

B. G.

Fidell

L. S.

(2013). Using multivariate statistics. 6th ed. Allyn and Bacon Press.

31.

Terzi

Polat

. (2020). Examination of nurses’ perceived support levels and factors affecting. Journal of Health Sciences of Adıyaman University, 6(1), 59–67. https://doi.org/10.30569.adiyamansaglik.656294

32.

Ture

Yıldırım

. (2018). The validity and reliability of scale of perceived organizational support for nursing. Journal of Health and Nursing Management, 5(1), 9–18. https://doi.org/10.5222/SHYD.2018.009

33.

Vinkers

C. H.

van Amelsvoort

Bisson

J. I.

Branchi

Cryan

J. F.

Domschke

Howes

O. D.

Manchia

Pinto

de Quervain

Schmidt

M. V.

van der Wee

N. J. A

. (2020). Stress resilience during the coronavirus pandemic. Europan Neuropsychopharmacology, 35, 12–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.05.003

34.

Yilmaz

E. B

. (2017). Resilience as a strategy for struggling against challenges related to the nursing profession. Chinese Nursing Research, 4(1), 9–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnre.2017.03.004

35.

Zhang

Gong

. (2021). Effect of perceived organizational support on fatigue of Chinese nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: resilience as a mediator. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 23(2), 243–254. https://doi.org/10.32604/IJMHP.2021.015487