Introduction: The prevalence and patterns of sleep disturbances in neurocutaneous syndromes are variable and understudied. Methods: Cross-sectional study for 18 months at a tertiary care pediatric hospital, involving 100 children with neurocutaneous syndromes aged between 4 and 10 years using the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire-Abbreviated. Results: In 100 children with neurocutaneous syndromes, 47 (47%) had significant sleep problems. In subgroup analysis, 7 of 17 children with neurofibromatosis 1, 24 of 63 children with tuberous sclerosis complex, 10 of 12 children with Sturge-Weber syndrome, 2 of 3 children with linear nevus sebaceous syndrome, and each of the children with hypomelanosis of Ito, McCune-Albright syndrome, megalencephaly-capillary malformation syndrome, and unclassified neurocutaneous syndrome had significant sleep problems. Conclusion: The prevalence of sleep problems in our study population was not more than that observed in the general pediatric population. Prospective multicentric studies are needed to comprehend sleep problems in children with neurocutaneous syndromes.
SarnatHBFlores-SarnatL. Embryology of the neural crest: its inductive role in the neurocutaneous syndromes. J Child Neurol. 2005;20(8):637-643.
2.
LicisAKValloraniAGaoF, et al.Prevalence of sleep disturbances in children with neurofibromatosis type 1. J Child Neurol. 2013;28(11):1400-1405.
3.
ZambrelliETurnerKPeronA, et al.Sleep and behavior in children and adolescents with tuberous sclerosis complex. Am J Med Genet A. 2021;185(5):1421-1429.
4.
RaschBBornJ. About sleep’s role in memory. Physiol Rev. 2013;93(2):681-766.
5.
BlundenSLushingtonKKennedyD. Cognitive and behavioural performance in children with sleep-related obstructive breathing disorders. Sleep Med Rev. 2001;5(6):447-461.
6.
OkifujiAHareBD. Do sleep disorders contribute to pain sensitivity?Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2011;13(6):528-534.
7.
NunesMLFerriRArzimanoglouACurziLAppelCCCosta da CostaJ. Sleep organization in children with partial refractory epilepsy. J Child Neurol. 2003;18(11):763-766.
8.
PelcKCheronGBoydSGDanB. Are there distinctive sleep problems in Angelman syndrome?Sleep Med. 2008;9(4):434-441.
9.
Robinson-SheltonAMalowBA. Sleep disturbances in neurodevelopmental disorders. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2016;18(1):1-8.
10.
SheltonARMalowB. Neurodevelopmental disorders commonly presenting with sleep disturbances. Neurotherapeutics. 2021;18(1):156-169.
11.
Neurofibromatosis. Conference statement. National institutes of health consensus development conference. Arch Neurol. 1988;45(5):575-578.
12.
NorthrupHKruegerDARoberdsS, et al. Tuberous sclerosis complex diagnostic criteria update: recommendations of the 2012 International Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Consensus Conference. Pediatr Neurol. 2013;49(4):243-254.
13.
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.5th ed. American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
14.
MalinsAJ. Malins Intelligence Scale for Children—Manual. Indian Psychological Corporation; 1969.
15.
AlpernGD. Developmental Profile III. Western Psychological Services; 2007.
16.
OwensJASpiritoAMcGuinnM. The Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ): psychometric properties of a survey instrument for school-aged children. Sleep. 2000;23(8):1043-1051.
17.
LégerDPoursainBNeubauerDUchiyamaM. An international survey of sleeping problems in the general population. Curr Med Res Opin. 2008;24(1):307-317.
18.
DavisKFParkerKPMontgomeryGL. Sleep in infants and young children: part two: common sleep problems. J Pediatr Health Care. 2004;18(3):130-137.
19.
BhartiBMalhiPKashyapS. Patterns and problems of sleep in school going children. Indian Pediatr. 2006;43(1):35-38.
20.
LarsonAMRytherRCCJennessonM, et al.Impact of pediatric epilepsy on sleep patterns and behaviors in children and parents. Epilepsia. 2012;53(7):1162-1169.
21.
TyagiVJunejaMJainR. Sleep problems and their correlates in children with autism spectrum disorder: an Indian study. J Autism Dev Disord. 2019;49(3):1169-1181.
22.
SungVHiscockHSciberrasEEfronD. Sleep problems in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: prevalence and the effect on the child and family. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2008;162(4):336-342.
23.
RobinsonAMRichdaleAL. Sleep problems in children with an intellectual disability: parental perceptions of sleep problems, and views of treatment effectiveness. Child Care Health Dev. 2004;30(2):139-150.
24.
JohnsonHWiggsLStoresGHusonSM. Psychological disturbance and sleep disorders in children with neurofibromatosis type 1. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2005;47(4):237-242.
25.
Maraña PérezAIDuat RodríguezASoto InsugaVDomínguez CarralJPuertas MartínV, González Gutiérrez Solana L. Prevalence of sleep disorders in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. Neurologia. 2015;30(9):561-565.
26.
BruniOCortesiFGiannottiFCuratoloP. Sleep disorders in tuberous sclerosis: a polysomnographic study. Brain Dev. 1995;17(1):52-56.
27.
HuntA. Development, behaviour and seizures in 300 cases of tuberous sclerosis. J Intellect Disabil Res. 1993;37(1):41-51.
28.
TrickettJHealdMOliverCRichardsC. A cross-syndrome cohort comparison of sleep disturbance in children with Smith-Magenis syndrome, Angelman syndrome, autism spectrum disorder and tuberous sclerosis complex. J Neurodev Disord. 2018;10(1):9.
29.
TurinEGradosMATierneyEFerencLMZabelAComiAM. Behavioral and psychiatric features of Sturge-Weber syndrome. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2010;198(12):905-913.
30.
KrakowiakPGoodlin-JonesBHertz-PicciottoICroenLAHansenRL. Sleep problems in children with autism spectrum disorders, developmental delays, and typical development: a population-based study. J Sleep Res. 2008;17(2):197-206.
31.
LiuXHubbardJAFabesRAAdamJB. Sleep disturbances and correlates of children with autism spectrum disorders. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2006;37(2):179-191.
32.
BruniOOttavianoSGuidettiV, et al.The sleep disturbance scale for children (SDSC). construction and validation of an instrument to evaluate sleep disturbances in childhood and adolescence. J Sleep Res. 1996;5(4):251-261.
33.
WiggsLStoresG. Severe sleep disturbance and daytime challenging behaviour in children with severe learning disabilities. J Intellect Disabil Res. 1996;40(6):518-528.
34.
MaasAPHMDiddenRKorziliusH, et al.Psychometric properties of a sleep questionnaire for use in individuals with intellectual disabilities. Res Dev Disabil. 2011;32(6):2467-2479.
35.
JohnsonCRTurnerKSFoldesELMalowBAWiggsL. Comparison of sleep questionnaires in the assessment of sleep disturbances in children with autism spectrum disorders. Sleep Med. 2012;13(7):795-801.
