Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women worldwide. Surgical removal of tumors is often necessary and many patients suffer complications due to subsequent breast reconstruction. A safe and effective breast reconstructive material is needed for patients recovering from surgical removal of small breast cancer tumors. Our lab has developed injectable collagen/tannic acid beads seeded with patient-derived preadipocytes for regeneration of healthy breast tissue in patients post-lumpectomy. Previous research indicates that the inclusion of tannic acid in the matrix imparts an anticancer property. This research seeks to determine the variables needed to control collagen/tannic acid bead diameter and seeded cell attachment, which are essential to proper bead implantation and function. We found that as tannic acid concentration increases within the beads, cell attachment decreases. Bead diameter is controlled by bead generator voltage, solution osmolality, the degree of cell attachment, and tannic acid concentrations. Higher voltages resulted in significant decrease in bead diameter. Collagen/tannic acid beads decreased in diameter when placed in solutions of increasing osmolality. Higher degrees of cell attachment across the surface of the beads were associated with a significant decrease in diameter. In beads made with high concentrations of tannic acid, bead diameter was found to decrease. Collagen/TA beads are a promising subdermal tissue regenerative matrix with anticancer activity as an alternative to simple lipofilling in breast reconstructive procedures. This study was conducted to better understand the properties of collagen/TA beads in order to improve injection efficacy and tissue regenerative activity.
MillerKDNogueiraLMariottoAB, et al. Cancer treatment and survivorship statistics, 2019. CA A Cancer J Clin2019; 69(5): 363–385.
2.
BrayFFerlayJSoerjomataramI, et al. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: A Cancer J Clin2018; 68(6): 394–424.
3.
WeberWPSoysalSDFulcoI, et al. Standardization of oncoplastic breast conserving surgery. Eur J Surg Oncol2017; 43(7): 1236–1243.
4.
BraddockSWClarkMMEdneyJJ, et al. Straight talk about breast cancer: from diagnosis to recovery. Omaha: Addicus Books, 2010.
5.
JagsiRJiangJMomohAO, et al. Complications after mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction for breast cancer: a claims-based analysis. Ann Surg2016; 263(2): 219.
6.
BeecherSMO’LearyDPMcLaughlinR, et al. Influence of complications following immediate breast reconstruction on breast cancer recurrence rates. Br J Surg2016; 103(4): 391–398.
7.
KhanLRRaineCRDixonJM.Immediate lipofilling in breast conserving surgery. Eur J Surg Oncol2017; 43(8): 1402–1408.
8.
HalyardMYTaghianAG.Breast cancer. New York: Demos Medical, 2012.
9.
de FeiterPWStockmannHBACWereldsmaJCJ, et al. Wound infections after mastectomy or lumpectomy for breast cancer. The Breast1997; 6(1): 6–11.
10.
NakadaHInoueMFuruyaK, et al. Fat necrosis after breast-conserving oncoplastic surgery. Breast Cancer2019; 26(1): 125–130.
11.
HamzaALohsiriwatVRietjensM.Lipofilling in breast cancer surgery. Gland Surg2013; 2(1): 7.
12.
GutowskiKAForceAF.Current applications and safety of autologous fat grafts: a report of the ASPS fat graft task force. Plast Reconstr Surg2009; 124(1): 272–280.
13.
KasemAWazirUHeadonH, et al. Breast lipofilling: a review of current practice. Arch Plast Surg2015; 42(2): 126.
14.
HuangWCaiYZhangY.Natural phenolic compounds from medicinal herbs and dietary plants: potential use for cancer prevention. Nutr Cancer2010; 62(1): 1–20.
15.
ParkKIParkHNagappanA, et al. Polyphenolic compounds from korean lonicera japonica thunb. induces apoptosis via AKT and caspase cascade activation in A549 cells. Oncol Lett2017; 13(4): 2521–2530.
16.
PetridisGK.Tannins: types, foods containing, and nutrition. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers Inc, 2011.
17.
JordanLGBoothBW.HER2+ breast cancer cells undergo apoptosis upon exposure to tannic acid released from remodeled cross-linked collagen type I. J Biomed Mater Res2018; 106(1): 26–32.
18.
CombsCA.Tannins: biochemistry, food sources and nutritional properties. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers Inc, 2016.
19.
BaldwinAUyLFrank-KamenetskiiA, et al. The in vivo biocompatibility of novel tannic acid-collagen type I injectable bead scaffold material for breast reconstruction post-lumpectomy. J Biomater Appl2020; 34(9): 1315–1329.
20.
ParkJPBlandingWMFeltraccoJA, et al. Validation of an in vitro model of erbB2+ cancer cell redirection. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim2015; 51(8): 776–786.
21.
TebbTATsaiSWGlattauerV, et al. Development of porous collagen beads for chondrocyte culture. Cytotechnology2006; 52(2): 99–106.
22.
BoothBWInskeepBDShahH, et al. Tannic acid preferentially targets estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Int J Breast Cancer2013; 2013: 369609.
23.
NgobiliTAShahHParkJP, et al. Remodeling of tannic acid crosslinked collagen type I induces apoptosis in ER+ breast cancer cells. Anticancer Res2015; 35(3): 1285–1290.
24.
PetrucciHRHerringGFMaduraDJ, et al. General chemistry: principles and modern applications. 10th ed.Toronto, Canada: Pearson Canada, 2011.
25.
RasouliM.Basic concepts and practical equations on osmolality: biochemical approach. Clin Biochem2016; 49(12): 936–941.
26.
GülçinİHuyutZElmastaşM, et al. Radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of tannic acid. Arab J Chem2010; 3(1): 43–53.
27.
AkiyamaHFujiiKYamasakiO, et al. Antibacterial action of several tannins against Staphylococcus aureus. J Antimicrob Chemother2001; 48(4): 487–91.
28.
SagbasSAktasNSahinerN.Modified biofunctional p (tannic acid) microgels and their antimicrobial activity. Appl Surf Sci2015; 354: 306–313.
29.
SahinerNSagbasSSahinerM, et al. Biocompatible and biodegradable poly (Tannic Acid) hydrogel with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Int J Biol Macromol2016; 82: 150–159.
30.
KimTJSilvaJLKimMK, et al. Enhanced antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity of tannic acid by thermal processing. Food Chem2010; 118(3): 740–746.
31.
NieFLiangYJiangB, et al. Apoptotic effect of tannic acid on fatty acid synthase over-expressed human breast cancer cells. Tumor Biol2016; 37(2): 2137–2143.
32.
TikooKSaneMSGuptaC.Tannic acid ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and potentiates its anti-cancer activity: potential role of tannins in cancer chemotherapy. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol2011; 251(3): 191–200.
33.
RomeroIPaezAFerrueloA, et al. Polyphenols in red wine inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of LNCaP cells. BJU Int2002; 89(9): 950–954.
34.
KarakurtSAdaliO.Tannic acid inhibits proliferation, migration, invasion of prostate cancer and modulates drug metabolizing and antioxidant enzymes. Anticancer Agents Med Chem2016; 16(6): 781–789.
35.
FalcãoLAraújoME.Vegetable tannins used in the manufacture of historic leathers. Molecules2018; 23(5): 1081.
36.
LuZNieGBeltonPS, et al. Structure–activity relationship analysis of antioxidant ability and neuroprotective effect of gallic acid derivatives. Neurochem Int2006; 48(4): 263–274.
37.
BrownEMShellyDC.Molecular Modeling approach to Vegetable tanning: preliminary results for gallotannin interactions with the collagen microfibril. J Am Leather Chem As2011; 106(5): 145–152.
38.
HeijmenFHDu PontJSMiddelkoopE, et al. Cross-linking of dermal sheep collagen with tannic acid. Biomaterials1997; 18(10): 749–754.
39.
IsenburgJCSimionescuDTVyavahareNR.Tannic acid treatment enhances biostability and reduces calcification of glutaraldehyde fixed aortic wall. Biomaterials2005; 26(11): 237–1245.
40.
CovingtonAD.Tanning chemistry: the science of leather. London: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2009.
AmerMHRoseFRShakesheffKM, et al. Translational considerations in injectable cell-based therapeutics for neurological applications: concepts, progress and challenges. NPJ Regen Med2017; 2(1): 1–3.
43.
WahlbergBGhumanHLiuJR, et al. Ex vivo biomechanical characterization of syringe-needle ejections for intracerebral cell delivery. Sci Rep2018; 8(1): 1–7.
44.
WuCYStoeckleinDKommajosulaA, et al. Shaped 3D microcarriers for adherent cell culture and analysis. Microsyst Nanoeng2018; 4(1): 1–9.
45.
Gómez-GuillénMCGiménezBLópez-CaballeroMA, et al. Functional and bioactive properties of collagen and gelatin from alternative sources: a review. Food Hydrocoll2011; 25(8): 1813–1827.
46.
HouHLiBZhangZ, et al. Moisture absorption and retention properties, and activity in alleviating skin photodamage of collagen polypeptide from marine fish skin. Food Chem2012; 135(3): 1432–1439.
47.
BasserPJSchneidermanRBankRA, et al. Mechanical properties of the collagen network in human articular cartilage as measured by osmotic stress technique. Arch Biochem Biophys1998; 351(2): 207–219.
48.
SpillerKLLaurencinSJLowmanAM.Characterization of the behavior of porous hydrogels in model osmotically-conditioned articular cartilage systems. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater2009; 90(2): 752–759.
