A Phospholipid-modified Polystyrene—Polyisobutylene— Polystyrene (SIBS) Triblock Polymer for Enhanced Hemocompatibility and Potential Use in Artificial Heart Valves
Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online January, 2009
A Phospholipid-modified Polystyrene—Polyisobutylene— Polystyrene (SIBS) Triblock Polymer for Enhanced Hemocompatibility and Potential Use in Artificial Heart Valves
Poly(styrene-block-isobutylene-block-styrene) (`SIBS') is selected for a novel trileaflet heart valve due to its high resistance to oxidation, hydrolysis, and enzyme attack. SIBS is modified using six different phospholipids and its mechanical properties characterized by tensile stress, peel strength, shear strength, contact angle, and surface energy, and then for hemocompatibility by studying the adhesion of fluorescently labeled platelets in a parallel plate chamber under physiological flow conditions. Phospholipid modification decreases SIBS tensile stress (at 45% strain) by 30% and reduces platelet adhesion by a factor of 10, thereby improving its hemocompatibility and its potential use as a synthetic heart valve.
Gray, R.J. (1996). Current Status of Anticoagulation and Thrombosis-related Issues in Mechanical Valves, Tex. Heart Inst. J., 23(1): 36-41.
2.
Schoen, F.J. , Collins Jr, J.J. and Cohn, L.H. (1983). Long-term Failure Rate and Morphologic Correlations in Porcine Bioprosthetic Heart Valves, Am. J. Cardiol., 51(6): 957-964.
3.
Ozaki, S., Herijgers, P. and Flameng, W. (2003). Influence of Blood Contact on the Calcification of Glutaraldehyde-pretreated Porcine Aortic Valves, Ann. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., 9(4): 245-252.
4.
Groth, T., Klosz, K., Campbell, E.J., New, R.R., Hall, B. and Goering, H. (1994). Protein Adsorption, Lymphocyte Adhesion and Platelet Adhesion/ Activation on Polyurethane Ureas is Related to Hard Segment Content and Composition, J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed., 6(6): 497-510.
5.
Morimoto, N. , Iwasaki, Y., Nakabayashi , N. and Ishihara, K. (2002). Physical Properties and Blood Compatibility of Surface-modified Segmented Polyurethane by Semi-interpenetrating Polymer Networks with a Phospholipid Polymer, Biomaterials , 23(24): 4881-4887.
6.
Little, S. and Massel, D. (2003). Antiplatelet and Anticoagulation for Patients with Prosthetic Heart Valves, Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. , 4: CD003464.
7.
Parfeev, V.M. , Grushetskii, I.V. and Smurova, E.V. (1982). Mechanical Properties of Elastomers for Artificial Leaflet Heart Valves, Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, 1: 110-117.
8.
Nistal, F., Garcia-Martinez, V., Arbe, E., Fernandez, D., Artinano, E., Mazorra, F. and Gallo, I. (1990). In Vivo Experimental Assessment of Polytetrafluoroethylene Trileaflet Heart Valve Prosthesis, J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., 99(6): 1074-1081.
9.
Stock, U.A. and Mayer Jr, J.E. (2001). Tissue Engineering of Cardiac Valves on the Basis of PGA/PLA Co-polymers, J. Long Term Eff. Med. Implants, 2001, 11(3-4): 249-60.
10.
Nuttelman, C.R. , Henry, S.M. and Anseth, K.S. (2002). Synthesis and Characterization of Photocrosslinkable, Degradable Poly(vinyl alcohol)-based Tissue Engineering Scaffolds, Biomaterials , 23(17): 3617-3626.
11.
Sodian, R., Sperling, J.S., Martin, D.P., Egozy, A., Stock, U., Mayer Jr, J.E. and Vacanti, J.P. (2000). Fabrication of a Trileaflet Heart Valve Scaffold from a Polyhydroxyalkanoate Biopolyester for Use in Tissue Engineering, Tissue Eng., 6(2): 183-188.
12.
Vroman, L. (1988). The Life of an Artificial Device in Contact with Blood: Initial Events and their Effect on its Final State, NY Acad. Med., 64: 352-357.
13.
Bernacca, G.M. and Wheatley, D.J. (1998). Surface Modification of Polyurethane Heart Valve: Effects on Fatigue Life and Calcification , Int. J. Artif. Organs, 21: 814-819.
14.
Bernacca, G.M. , Mackay, T.G., Wilkinson , R. and Wheatley, D.J. (1995). Calcification and Fatigue Failure in a Polyurethane Heart Valve, Biomaterials, 16: 279-285.
15.
Chen, J.H., Wei, J., Chang, C.Y., Laiw, R.F. and Lee, Y.D. (1998). Studies on Segmented Polyetherurethane for Biomedical Application: Effects of Composition and Hard-segment Content on Biocompatibility , J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 41(4): 633-648.
16.
Gallocher, S.L., Aguirre, A.F., Kasyanov , V., Pinchuk, L. and Schoephoerster , R.T. (2006 ). A Novel Polymer for Potential Use in a Trileaflet Heart Valve, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B: Appl. Biomater., 79(B): 325-334.
17.
Pinchuk, L., Khan, I.J., Martin, J.B. and Wilson, G.J. (1999). Polyisobutylene-based Thermoplastic Elastomers for Ultra Long-term Implant Applications, In: Proceedings of the Society for Biomaterials, August.
18.
Ishihara, K. , Nomura, H., Mihara , T., Kurita, K., Iwasaki, Y. and Nakabayashi , N. (1998). Why do Phospholipid Polymers Reduce Protein Adsorption?J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 39: 323-330.
19.
van der Heiden, A.P., Willems, G.M., Lindhout , T., Pijpers, A.P. and Koole, L.H. (1998). Adsorption of Proteins onto Poly(ether urethane) with a Phosphorylcholine Moiety and Influence of Preadsorbed Phospholipid, J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 40(2): 195-203.
20.
Hayward, J.A. and Chapman, D. (1984). Biomembrane Surfaces as Models for Polymer Design: The Potential for Hemocompatibility , Biomaterials, 5(3): 135-142.
21.
Jumaa, M. and Müller, B.W. (2000). Lipid Emulsions as a Novel System to Reduce the Hemolytic Activity of Lytic Agents: Mechanism of the Protective Effect, Eur . J. Pharm. Sciences, 9(3): 285-290.
22.
Duraiswamy, N., Jayachandran, B., Byrne , J., Moore Jr, J.E. and Schoephoerster, R.T. (2005 ). Spatial Distribution of Platelet Deposition in Stented Arterial Models under Physiologic Flow, Annals of Biomedical Eng., 33(12): 1767-1777.
23.
Carretero, M., Diaz-Ricart, M., Escolar , G. and Ordinas, A. (1994). Interaction of Platelets with an Artificial Polystyrene Surface under Flow Conditions: Comparative Study versus Collagen, Sangre (Barc), 39(5): 337-341.
24.
Bluestein, D. , Rambod, E. and Gharib, M. (2000). Vortex Shedding as a Mechanism for Free Emboli Formation in Mechanical Heart Valves, J. Biomech. Eng., 122(2): 125-134.
25.
Tokumura, A. , Fukuzawa, K., Isobe, J. and Tsukatani, H. (1981). Lysophosphatidic Acid-induced Aggregation of Human and Feline Platelets: Structure-Activity Relationship, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 99: 391-398.
26.
Seelig, A. and Seelig, J. (1977). Effect of a Single Cis Double Bond on the Structures of a Phospholipid Bilayer, Biochemistry, 16(1): 45-50.
