We have developed a novel glass-ionomer cement system composed of multi-arm poly(acrylic acid-co-itaconic acid)s. These polyacids were synthesized via a chain-transfer polymerization reaction using newly synthesized multi-arm chain-transfer agents. The cements formulated with the multi-arm polyacids showed significantly lower viscosities in water as compared to those formulated with the linear polyacids. Due to the lower viscosities, the MW of the polyacids can be significantly increased for enhanced mechanical strengths, while keeping the ease of mixing and handling. The experimental cements showed significantly improved compressive strengths as compared to Fuji II after aged in water for 3 months.
Wilson, A.D. and McLean, J.W. ( 1988). Glass-ionomer Cements, Quintessence Publ Co., Chicago.
2.
Davidson, C.L. and Mjör, I.A. ( 1999). Advances in Glass-ionomer Cements, Quintessence Publ Co., Chicago.
3.
Hotz, P., McLean, J.W., Sced, I. and Wilson, A.D. ( 1977). The Bonding of Glass-ionomer Cements to Metal and Tooth Substrates, Br. Dent. J., 142(2): 41-47.
4.
Lacefield, W.R. , Reindl, M.C. and Retief, D.H. (1985). Tensile Bond Strength of a Glass-ionomer Cement, J. Prosthet. Dent., 53(2): 194-198.
5.
Forsten, L. ( 1977). Fluoride Release from a Glass-ionomer Cement, Scand. J. Dent. Res., 85(6): 503-504.
6.
McLean, J.W. and Gasser, O. (1985). Glass-ionomer Cements , Quintessence Int., 16(5): 333-343.
Sasanaluckit, P., Albustany, K.R., Doherty, P.J. and Williams, D.F. (1993). Biocompatibility of Glass Ionomer Cements, Biomaterials, 14(12): 906-916.
9.
Nicholson, J.W. , Braybrook, J.H. and Wasson, E.A. (1991). The Biocompatibility of Glass-poly(alkenoate) Glass-ionomer Cements: A Review, J. Biomater. Sci., Polym. Edn., 2(4): 277-285.
10.
Hume, W.R. and Mount, G.J. ( 1988). In vitro Studies on the Potential for Pulpal Cytotoxicity of Glass-ionomer Cements, J. Dent. Res., 67(6): 915-918.
11.
Nicholson, J.W. (1998). Chemistry of Glass-ionomer Cements: A Review, Biomaterials, 19(6): 485-494.
12.
Wilson, A.D. (1990). Resin-modified Glass-ionomer Cement, Int. J. Prosthodont., 3(5): 425-429.
13.
Guggenberger, R., May, R. and Stefan, K.P. (1998). New Trends in Glass-ionomer Chemistry, Biomaterials, 19(6): 479-483.
14.
Mitra, S.B. (1991). Adhesion to Dentin and Physical Properties of a Light-cured Glass-ionomer Liner/Base, J. Dent. Res., 70(1): 72-74.
15.
Momoi, Y., Hirosaki, K., Kohno, A. and McCabe, J.F. ( 1995). Flexural Properties of Resin-modified "Hybrid" Glass-ionomers in Comparison with Conventional Acid-base Glass-ionomers, Dent. Mater. J., 14(2): 109-119.
16.
Xie, D. , Culbertson, B.M. and Johnston, W.M. (1998).Formulations of Light-curable Glass-ionomer Cements Containing N-vinylpyrrolidone, J. M. S., Pure Appl. Chem., A35(10): 1631-1650.
17.
Xie, D. , Culbertson, B.M. and Kao, E.C. (1993). New Glass-ionomer Polymers Containing N-acryloyl-6-Aminocaproic Acid, J. Dent. Res., 72: 385.
18.
Culbertson, B.M., Xie, D. and Xu, J. (1997). Mechanical Performance of Experimental Glass-ionomers Containing Tethered Glutamic Acid, J. Dent. Res., 76: 317.
19.
Xie, D. , Wu, W., Puckett, A., Farmer, B. and Mays, J. (2004). Novel Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cements with Improved Flexural Strength and Ease of Handling, Eur. Polym. J., 40(2): 343-351.
20.
Kao, E.C. , Culbertson, B.M. and Xie, D. (1996). Preparation of Glass-ionomer Cement using N-acryloyl-substituted Amino Acid Monomers: Evaluation of Physical Properties, Dent. Mater., 12(1): 44-51.
21.
Kao, E.C. , Xie, D., Culbertson, B.M. and Johnston, W.M. (1995). Bond Strengths of Glass-ionomer Modified with Amino Acid Monomers, J. Dent. Res., 74: 106.
22.
Xie, D., Faddah, M. and Park, J.-G. ( 2005). Novel Amino Acid Modified Zinc Polycarboxylates for Improved Dental Cements, Dent. Mater., 21(8): 739-748.
23.
Xie, D., Culbertson, B.M. and Johnston, W.M. ( 1998). Improved Flexural Strength of N-vinylpyrrolidone Modified Acrylic Acid Copolymers for Glass-Ionomers, J. M. S., Pure Appl. Chem., A35(10): 1615-1629.
24.
Bahadur, P. and Sastry, N.V. ( 2002). Principles of Polymer Science. CRC press, Boca Raton, FL.
25.
Huang, C.F., Lee, H.F., Kuo, S.W., Xu, H. and Chang, F.C. ( 2004). Star Polymers Via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization from Adamantine-based Cores, Polymer, 45: 2261-2269.
26.
Zhang, L. and Chen, Y. ( 2005). Allyl Functionalized Telechelic Linear Polymer and Star Polymer Via RAFT Polymerization, Polymer, 47(15): 5259-5266.
27.
Xie, D. , Park, J.-G., Faddah, M., Zhao, J. and Khanijoun, H.K. (2006). Novel Amino acid-constructed Polyalkenoates for Dental Glass-ionomer Restoratives, J. Biomater. Appl., 21: 147-165.
28.
Wu, W., Xie, D., Puckett, A. and Mays, J. ( 2003). Synthesis and Characterization of Self-cured Amino Acid Modified Glass-ionomers, Eur. Polym. J., 39: 959-968.
29.
Crisp, S., Kent, B.E., Lewis, B.G., Ferner, A.J. and Wilson, A.D. ( 1980). Glass-ionomer Cement Formulations: II. The Synthesis of Novel Polycarboxylic Acids, J. Dent. Res., 59(6): 1055-1063.
30.
Prosser, H.J. , Richards, C.P. and Wilson, A.D. (1982). NMR Spectroscopy of Dental Materials. II. The Role of Tartaric Acid in Glass-ionomer Cements, J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 16(4): 431-445.
31.
Wilson, A.D. , Hill, R.G., Warrens, C.P. and Lewis, B.G. (1989). The Influence of Polyacid Molecular Weight on Some Properties of Glass-ionomer Cements, J. Dent. Res., 68(2): 89-94.
32.
McLean, J.W., Wilson, A.D. and Prosser, H.J. (1984). Development and use of Water-hardening Glass-ionomer Luting Cements, J. Prosthet. Dent., 52(2): 175-181.
33.
Crisp, S., Lewis, B.G. and Wilson, A.D. ( 1976). Characterization of Glass-ionomer Cements. 2. Effect of the Powder:Liquid Ratio on the Physical Properties, J. Dent., 4(6): 287-290.
34.
Cattani-Lorente, M.A., Godin, C. and Meyer, J.M. (1994). Mechanical Behavior of Glass Ionomer Cements Affected by Long-term Storage in Water, Dent. Mater., 10(1): 37-44.
35.
Pearson, G.J. and Atkinson, A.S. (1991). Long-term Flexural Strength of Glass Ionomer Cements, Biomaterials, 12: 658-660.
