Impaired wound healing is a major medical problem in diabetes. The objective of this study was to determine the possible application of an insoluble fraction of fur-derived keratin biomaterial as a wound dressing in a full thickness surgical skin wound model in mice (n = 20) with iatrogenically induced diabetes. The obtained keratin dressing was examined in vitro and in vivo. In vitro study showed the keratin dressing is tissue biocompatible and non-toxic for murine fibroblasts. Antimicrobial examination revealed the keratin dressing inhibited the growth of S. aureus and E. coli. In vivo studies showed the obtained dressing significantly (p < 0.05) accelerated healing during the first week after surgery compared to control wounds. Keratin dressings were incorporated naturally into granulation and regenerating tissue without any visible signs of inflammatory response, which was confirmed by clinical and histopathological analysis. It is one of the first studies to show application of insoluble keratin proteins and its properties as a wound dressing. The obtained keratin dressing accelerated wound healing in mice with iatrogenically induced diabetes. Therefore, it can be considered as a safe and efficient wound dressing. Although future studies are needed to explain the molecular mechanism behind fur-derived keratin effect during the multilayer wound healing process, our findings may open the way for a new class of insoluble fur keratin dressings in chronic difficult to heal wounds treatment.
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