This article presents a study of trends in the employment of women
social work educators from 1972 to 1993. The findings revealed that
academic women continue to be clustered in nontenure and nontenure-track positions, despite the growing number of women with
doctorates in social work. Strategies for achieving equity are also
presented.
References
1.
Alpert, D. (1989). Gender inequity in academia: An empirical analysisInitiatives, 52, 9-14.
2.
American Association of University Professors. ( 1988-1989). Report of committee W on the status of women in the academic profession.
3.
Bentley, K., Hutchison, E., & Green, R. (1993, March). Women as social work scholars: An empirical analysis Paper presented at the Annual Program Meeting, Council on Social Work Education, New York.
4.
Bentley, K., Hutchison, E., & Green, R. (1994). Women as social work scholars: An empirical analysisAffilia, 9,171-189.
5.
Bernstein, A., & Cock, J. (1994, June 15). A troubling picture of gender equityChronicle of Higher Education, pp. B1-B3.
6.
Bloch, A., & Weinbach, R. (1979). Hiring trends in social work educationJournal of Social Work Education, 15(3), 13-19.
7.
Blum, D. (1991, October 9). Environment still hostile to women in academe, new evidence indicatesChronicle of Higher Education, pp. A1, A20.
8.
Bogart, K. (1981). Institutional self-study guide on equity for postsecondary educational institutions (Project on the Status and Education of WomenWashington, DC: Association of American Colleges.
9.
Coleman, N. (1981). Toward achieving equity for women in social work education.New York: Council on Social Work Education.
10.
Council on Social Work Education. (1972-1993 yearly reports). Statistics on social work education in the United States.Alexandria, VA: Author.
11.
Council on Social Work Education. (1988). Handbook of accreditation standards and procedures: Master's programs.Alexandria, VA: Author.
12.
Council on Social Work Education. (1994). Handbook of accreditation standards and procedures: Master's programs.Alexandria, VA: Author.
13.
Council on Social Work Education, Commission on the Role and Status of Women. (1990-1991). Annual report.Alexandria, VA: Author.
14.
Council on Social Work Education, Commission on the Role and Status of Women. (1995). Women's issues in accreditation of social work programs: Guidelines for site visitors.Alexandria, VA: Author.
15.
DeFleur, L. (1993, November). Women in higher education administrationHigher Education and National Affairs, pp. 5-6.
16.
DePalma, A. (1993, January 24). Rare in ivy league: Women who work as full professorsNew York Times, pp. 1, 11.
17.
DiNitto, D., Aguilar, M., & Franklin, C. (1993, March). Over the edge? Women and tenure in today's academic environment. Paper presented at the Annual Program Meeting, Council on Social Work Education, New York.
18.
DiNitto, D., Martin, P., & Harrison, D. (1982). Sexual discrimination in higher educationHigher Education Review, 14(2), 33-54.
19.
DiNitto, D., Martin, P., & Harrison, D. (1984). Sexual inequity among social work faculty: An international comparisonInternational Social Work , 27, 27-36.
20.
Does the Harrison case reveal sexism in math? (1991, June 28). Science, 252, 1781-1783.
21.
Epstein, C. (1991). Constraints on excellence: Structural and cultural barriers to the recognition and demonstration of achievement In H. Zuckerman, J. Cole, & J. Bruer (Eds.), The outer circle: Women in the scientific community (pp. 239-258). New York: W. W. Norton.
22.
Farley, J. (1985). Women versus academe: Who's winning?Journal of Social Issues, 41, 111-120.
23.
Piss, O. (1991). An uncertain inheritance In H. Zuckerman, J. Cole, &J. Bruer (Eds), The outer circle: Women in the scientific community (pp. 259-273). New York: W. W. Norton.
24.
Fox, M. ( 1984). Women and higher education In M. J. Freeman (Ed.), Women: A feminist perspective (pp. 238-254). Palo Alto, CA: Mayfield.
25.
Franke, A.H. (1992, May-June). Where's Wanda? Twenty years of federal anti-discrimination lawAcademe, p. 72.
26.
Garkovich, L. (1990, Winter). Factors influencing the status of academic women in rural sociologyRural Sociologist , 10, 3-9.
27.
Glazer, P., & Slater, M. (1987). Unequal colleagues: The entrance of women into the professions, 1890-1940.New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
28.
Haber, S. (Ed.). (1992). Guide to the universe of women in higher education.Madison, WI: Wenniger .
29.
Hall, R., & Sandler, B. (1984, October). Out of the classroom: A chilly campus climate for women?Washington, DC: Association of American Colleges.
30.
Harper, K. (1991, Spring). Gender issues in academia: A second look at BSW directorsAffilia, 6, 58-71.
31.
Harrison, D., & Sowers-Hoag, K. (1992, March). Women and leadership in social work education. Paper presented at the Annual Program Meeting, Council on Social Work Education, Kansas City MO.
32.
Harrison, D., Sowers-Hoag, K., & Michael, N. (1994, March). Women as leaders in social work education: Views from the top. Paper presented at the Annual Program Meeting, Council on Social Work Education, Atlanta.
33.
Healy, B. (1992, March 25). The astonishing thing is that young women pursue careers in science and medicine at all [Quotable section]Chronicle of Higher Education.
34.
Hornig, L. (1980). Untenured and tenuous: The status of women facultyThe Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 448, 115-125.
35.
In box (1993, July 14). Chronicle of Higher Education, p. A13.
36.
Isolation of pioneering feminist scholar stirs reappraisal of women's status in academe (1992, November 11). Chronicle of Higher Education, pp. A17-A18.
37.
Kaplan, S., & Tinsley, A. (1989, January-February). The unfinished agenda: Women in higher education administrationAcademe , pp. 18-22.
38.
Leatherman, C. (1991, November 6). Colleges hire more female presidents, but questions linger about their cloutChronicle of Higher Education, p. A19.
39.
Leatherman, C. (1992, December 16). A professor at the University of Hawaii has settled a decade-long sex-discriminating battle for $1.27 millionChronicle of Higher Education, pp. A14, A16.
40.
Leatherman, C. (1993a, September 15). Typical president is white, male, 54 years oldChronicle of Higher Education , pp. A19-A20.
41.
Leatherman, C. (1993b, October 6). Woman who took on Harvard Law School over tenure denial sees "vindication."Chronicle of Higher Education, pp. A19-A20.
42.
Magner, D. (1993, February 10). Accounting professor is unlikely heroine in battle against sex bias at WisconsinChronicle of Higher Education, pp. A15,A16, A18.
43.
Martin, P., Harrison, D., & DiNitto, D. (1983). Advancement for women in hierarchical organizations: A multi-level analysis of problems and prospectsJournal of Applied Behavioral Science, 19, 19-33.
44.
McMillen, L. (1986, December 3). Women's groups: Going the old boys' network one betterChronicle of Higher Education , p. 15.
45.
Mixed reflections of the glass ceiling [Business] (1993, July 12). U.S. News & World Report, p.14.
46.
Montgomery, D. (1994, March). Through the looking glass: Penetrating the glass ceiling in social work education. Paper presented at the Annual Program Meeting, Council on Social Work Education, Atlanta.
47.
Personal and professional (1992, December 16). Chronicle of Higher Education.
48.
Petchers, M. (1993, March). Organizing equity: Achieving strategies to advance the status of women in social work education. Paper presented at the Annual Program Meeting, Council on Social Work Education, New York.
49.
Petchers, M. (1994, March). Toward equity for women social work educators by 2000: Desiderata or action? Paper presented at the Annual Program Meeting, Council on Social Work Education, Atlanta.
50.
Petchers, M. (1995, March). Where's Wanda? Debunking the myth of progress for women social work educators. Paper presented at the Annual Program Meeting, Council on Social Work Education, San Diego, CA.
51.
Rasky S. (1993, January 27). A rare glimpse of sexism in economicsChronicle of Higher Education, pp. B1-B3.
52.
Rowe, M. (1990). Barriers to equality: The power of subtle discrimination to maintain unequal opportunityEmployee Responsibility and Rights Journal, 3,153-163.
53.
Sandler, B. (1992, May). Success and survival strategies for women faculty members.Washington, DC: Association of American Colleges.
54.
Sandler, B., & Hall, R. (1986). The campus climate revisited: Chilly for women faculty, administrators, and graduate students.Washington, DC: Association of American Colleges.
55.
Shavlik, D., & Touchton, J. (1992, Fall). The new agenda for women revisitedEducational Record, pp. 47-55.
56.
Shavlik, D., Touchton, J., & Pearson, C. (1987). The new agenda of women for higher education.Washington, DC: American Council on Education.
57.
Simeone, A. (1987). Academic women: Working toward equality.South Hadley, MA: Bergin & Garvey.
58.
Sowers-Hoag, K., & Harrison, D. (1991). Women in social work education: Progress or promise?Journal of Social Work Education, 27, 320-328.
59.
State ex rel. James v. Ohio State University Ohio St. 3d (1994).
60.
University of Pennsylvania v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 493 U.S. 192 (1990).
61.
The woman who made Harvard blink [ 1-Minute Interview] (1994 , February). Glamour, p. 68.
62.
Zikmund, B. (1988, September 1). The well-being of academic women still being sabotaged by colleagues, by students, and by themselvesChronicle of Higher Education, p. A44.
63.
Zuckerman, H., Cole, J., & Bruer, J. (1991). The outer circle: Women in the scientific community.New York: W. W. Norton .
