While many programs have been implemented in juvenile probation departments and a wide variety of community agencies around the country, the domain of institutions and parole is still a "new frontier" for restitution. In 1985, the California Youth Authority recognized that restitution, implemented as a component of an early release, minimum security pre-release, or parole alternative could become part of the solution to the crowding crisis many of its institutions currently face. Working groups were formed at the highest bureaucratic levels to redefine the Youth Authority mission to include a concern with victims and policies to enable the collection of financial restitution. Attempts were made to implement projects with restitution components in both institutional and parole settings. This case study documents the evolution of one such effort, and what was learned in the process. A major implication for program development and policy change is that apparent reforms may simply be used to strengthen a punitive agenda unless new programs replace current practices, rather than incorporate existing sanctions.
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