In this paper, we review findings from 19 studies of alternative route programs and conclude that they have not been shown to be inferior to traditional programs. These programs are program evaluations and lack many of the controls typical of experimental work; as a result, the findings may be less trustworthy than necessary for reasoned decision-making. Problems inherent in conducting studies of this sort are discussed and illustrated with examples from this literature. The appropriateness of the secondary content area model for elementary and special education is considered from both theoretical and empirical perspectives.
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