In Briefs

Abstract

Paul Terry	1104	Editorial Just Moments: A letter to Dr Peter Erickson Practicing mindfulness is usually characterized as being “in the moment” and is most often associated with an effort to manage individual illness, stress, or well-being. This editorial memorializes my dear friend Pete Erickson who was an exemplar to making every moment count. But more importantly, moments he made with others were “just moments” in service to his community, moments that made others experience their community and their health system as more just places. In defining “just moments,” I cite the paper “Collective Well-being to Improve Population Health Outcomes” where the authors argued that well-being is a function of a group and that domains such as “connectedness” and “contribution” may have as much to do with well-being as does our usual focus on individual self-care practices.
the Science of lifestyle change
Shu Fang Junmin Zhou	1107	Quantitative Research Association of Daytime Napping and Diagnosed Diabetes in Middle-aged Premenopausal, Middle-aged Postmenopausal and Older Postmenopausal Chinese Women Previous studies suggested the association between daytime napping and diabetes, but limited evidence is inconsistent about which groups are at elevated risk. The purpose of this study is to examine associations of daytime napping and diagnosed diabetes in middle-aged premenopausal, middle-aged postmenopausal and older postmenopausal Chinese women. Our findings suggest that a long daytime nap (>60 min/d) was associated with an increased probability of reporting diagnosed diabetes in middle-aged postmenopausal women. The association, however, was found to be insignificant in middle-aged premenopausal women and older postmenopausal women. Future studies may focus on validating the mechanisms behind the association between long naps and diabetes among middle-aged postmenopausal women, and future diabetes prevention interventions may pay more attention to this population.
Ashley L. Merianos Roman A. Jandarov Jonathan D. Klein E. Melinda Mahabee-Gittens	1115	Quantitative Research Characteristics of Daily E-Cigarette Use and Acquisition Means Among a National Sample of Adolescents The study objective was to examine the relationship between several e-cigarette-related characteristics and daily e-cigarette use among adolescent current users. Daily users were at increased odds of using all flavor types with the exception of menthol/mint and using a higher number of flavors than nondaily users. Daily users were more likely to use Blu, eGo, Logic, Halo, NJOY, and another unlisted brand but less likely to report they did not know the brand used. Daily users reported using a higher amount of brands than nondaily users. Daily users were at increased odds of using marijuana/THC oil wax as device ingredients and less likely to use only nicotine or unknown ingredients. Daily users were more likely to acquire e-cigarettes from a vape shop, gas station/convenience store, Internet, mall/shopping center kiosk, drug store, grocery store, or other place. The present study provides information on risks associated with daily e-cigarette use among adolescents.
Liana DesHarnais Bruce Joshua S. Wu Stuart L. Lustig Daniel W. Russell Doug A. Nemecek	1123	Quantitative Research Loneliness in the United States: A 2018 National Panel Survey of Demographic, Structural, Cognitive, and Behavioral Characteristics Better understanding of loneliness and its correlates, including social media use, is warranted to aid in designing health promotion initiatives. In a large nationwide sample of 20 096 US panel respondents aged 18 and older, we measured loneliness using the UCLA loneliness scale and found that the following factors were associated with less loneliness: social support, meaningful daily interactions, daily time management, greater age, and being in a couple. Social anxiety, the perception that social media use cuts into other social time, and daily use of text-based social media were associated with greater loneliness. While social media overuse is associated with loneliness, social factors and daily time management have the strongest associations with loneliness. Our findings confirm that loneliness decreases with age and being in a relationship. Population health promotion efforts to reduce loneliness should focus on improving social support, decreasing social anxiety, and promoting healthy daily behaviors.
Eric T. Hyde John D. Omura Kathleen B. Watson Janet E. Fulton Susan A. Carlson	1134	Quantitative Research Step It Up! Prioritization of Community Supports for Walking Among US Adults Walking is an easy way for most adults to start and maintain a physically active lifestyle, and being physically active is one of the most important actions people can take to improve their health. Step It Up! The Surgeon General’s Call to Action to Promote Walking and Walkable Communities (Call to Action) presents five goals, along with related strategies and actions, to support walking and walkability in the U.S. However, existing data is limited to assess the status of meeting these goals. Our study assessed the presence and prioritization of a range of community supports related to the goals of the Call to Action from the perspective of U.S. adults. Access to walkable locations (46.5%) and safe streets (29.7%) were the most commonly reported supports, followed by walking groups (12.9%) and promotional campaigns (9.6%). Presence and prioritization of all supports varied by demographic characteristics. A positive association was observed between the presence and prioritization of all supports examined. These findings can help inform efforts to develop new community supports for walking in the U.S., or tailor initiatives that increase the awareness and impact of existing supports among various demographic groups.
Ruopeng An Mengmeng Ji Caitlin Clarke Chenghua Guan	1144	Quantitative Research Impact of State Laws Governing Physical Education on Attendance Among US High School Students, 2003 to 2017 This study assessed the influence of state laws governing physical education (PE) on weekly PE class attendance among US high school students using national survey data. Eight state PE policies were scored, with higher scores denoting stronger laws. A 1-score increase in state laws governing PE class time, staffing for PE, joint use agreement for physical activity, assessment of health-related fitness, and PE curriculum was associated with an increase in weekly PE attendance by 0.30, 0.28, 0.22, 0.20, and 0.13 days, respectively, whereas a 1-score increase in state laws governing moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity time in PE, PE proficiency, and recess time was associated with a reduction in weekly PE attendance by 0.25, 0.15, and 0.09 days, respectively. The effects of state PE policies on PE attendance were larger among girls than boys. In conclusion, state PE policies differentially impacted US high school students’ PE attendance, with larger effects on girls.
Jessica M. Rath Molly P. Green Donna M. Vallone Jodie Briggs Maureen Palmerini John Geraci Lindsay Pitzer Elizabeth C. Hair	1152	Quantitative Research The Role of Emotions and Perceived Ad Effectiveness: Evidence From the Truth FinishIt Campaign The purpose of this study was to examine the role that emotional sentiment and intensity prompted by anti-tobacco advertisements has on perceived ad effectiveness among a nationally representative set of youth and young adults. The researchers found that both high-intensity positive and negative emotions were significantly related to perceived ad effectiveness among youth and young adults. However, combining high-intensity negative emotions with high-intensity positive emotions best predicted perceived ad effectiveness. This study’s findings suggest that using emotionally evocative messaging, both positive and negative, with an inspirational tone is the most effective at reaching young people exposed to anti-tobacco ads. In this changing media landscape often cluttered with channels vying for the attention of the youth and young adults, anti-tobacco messaging should consider the cocktail of emotions necessary to have maximum impact.
Lei-Shih Chen Yu-Lyu Yeh Patricia Goodson Shixi Zhao Eunju Jung Amber Muenzenberger Oi-Man Kwok Ping Ma	1159	Qualitative Research Training Texas Public Health Professionals and Professionals-In-Training in Genomics Leading health authorities have advocated public health professionals to integrate genomics into health promotion. Due to a lack of genomics training, however, public health professionals have limited genomic competencies. This study sought to evaluate the effects of genomics training workshops for 377 public health professionals and professionals-in-training (66.7% were of ethnic minorities) across Texas. Participants’ knowledge, attitudes, intention, self-efficacy, and behavior in adopting genomics into health promotion practice were evaluated based on the pre-and-post-test design with a three-month follow-up. Data showed that attendees’ knowledge, attitudes, intention, and self-efficacy scores increased significantly immediately post-workshop compared to the pre-workshop scores (all Ps<0.01), and genomics-related health promotion practice was significantly increased at three-month follow-up (P<0.01). Accordingly, our genomics training workshop is an effective program that can be disseminated at a national level to establish genomic competencies among public health professionals and professionals-in-training in the United States.
Hatidza Zaganjor Katherine Bishop Kendrick Stephen Onufrak Julie Ralston Aoki Laurie P. Whitsel Joel Kimmons	1166	Qualitative Research Food Service Guidelines Policies on Local Government–Controlled Properties Local governments can implement food service guideline (FSG) policies to ensure healthy foods are available and promoted in government facilities where foods are sold or served. Although this approach can reach millions of people, no previous studies have systematically assessed FSG policies at the municipal level. This study identified FSG policies among the 20 largest US cities and analyzed them for key FSG policy attributes. Using municipal legal code libraries and other data sources, FSG policies enacted as of December 31, 2016, were identified. Included policies were analyzed for key policy attributes using a classification tool that assessed nutrition, behavioral design, implementation, and facility efficiency attributes. The FSG policies were identified in 5 of the 20 US cities. Policy alignment was high for nutrition and implementation attributes. This analysis suggests that when cities adopt FSG policies, many develop policies that align with key policy attributes. These policies can serve as models for other jurisdictions to create healthier food access through FSG.
Seungho Ryu Heontae Kim Minsoo Kang Zeljko Pedisic Paul D. Loprinzi	1174	Applied Research Brief Secular Trends in Sedentary Behavior Among High School Students in the United States, 2003 to 2015 We evaluated secular trends in recreational sedentary behavior among high school students in the United States between 2003 and 2015. We observed significant changes from 2003 to 2015 in sedentary behavior patterns of the US adolescents’ population; a linear decrease in TV watching and a linear increase in computer use. Continued monitoring of sedentary behavior trends is needed to better understand the changing behaviors of American adolescents and how they relate to changes chronic disease risk.
Youngdeok Kim Masataka Umeda	1182	Applied Research Brief Chronic Pain, Physical Activity, and All-Cause Mortality in the US Adults: The NHANES 1999-2004 Follow-Up Study The purposes of this study were (1) to examine the relationship between chronic pains and the risk of all-cause mortality and (2) to explore the role of physical activity (PA) in this relationship among a national representative sample of US adults aged ≥40 years old. The 2011 mortality data for a total of 7384 adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004 were analyzed. Cox proportional hazard analyses showed greater risk of mortality among individuals with localized and widespread chronic pains after controlling for several key covariates; yet, the association was attenuated by PA levels, where higher PA meeting current PA guidelines was associated with reduced risk of mortality regardless of chronic pain conditions. This study highlighted the important role of PA in reducing the risk of mortality for individuals with chronic pains, and further public health efforts to promote PA in this vulnerable population group is required.
Devlon N. Jackson Emily B. Peterson Kelly D. Blake Kisha Coa Wen-Ying Sylvia Chou	1187	Applied Research Brief Americans’ Trust in Health Information Sources: Trends and Sociodemographic Predictors This cross-sectional study assessed the public’s trust in health information sources (ie, government health agencies, doctors, family/friends, charitable organizations, and religious leaders/organizations) from 2005 to 2015, and identifies sociodemographics factors associated with high trust. Data were analyzed from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS), a US nationally representative publicly available data on health-related knowledge, behaviors, and attitudes. Analysis included 5 iterations (2005-2015) of US adults (2005: N = 5586, 2008: N = 7764, 2011: N = 3959, 2013: N = 3185, and 2015: N = 3738). A descriptive analysis was conducted to track changes in trust over the past decade. Both χ² and multivariable logistic regression were conducted to assess sociodemographic associations in 2015. Trust in health information across all sources remained stable from 2005 to 2015. Doctors were the most trusted source, followed by government health agencies. Sociodemographics were independently associated with trust. For example, non-Hispanic blacks were more likely to trust charitable organizations (odds ratio [OR] = 2.32, confidence interval [CI] = 1.42-3.79) and religious leaders/organizations (OR=3.57, CI=1.20-10.57) compared to non-Hispanic whites. Findings demonstrate that public health communication practitioners must consider the role of source credibility among priority populations when disseminating and promoting information.
Vijay Vasudevan Erin Bouldin Shannon Bloodworth Linda Rocafort	1194	Applied Research Brief Likelihood of Meeting Physical Activity Guidelines of Veterans who are Obese by Disability Status Despite the known health risks, over 40% of veterans were obese. Using the 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor and Surveillance System, this study sought to explore how likely obese, veterans were to meet the physical activity guidelines, by disability status. We calculated prevalence ratios performing separate log-binomial regression models for meeting strength and aerobic recommendations on veterans who were obese. When controlling for demographic variables, obese veterans with mobility limitations only or multiple disabilities were significantly less likely to meet the aerobic (PR=0.74, p=0.002 and PR=0.62, p=0.021 respectively) or strength (PR=0.76, p<0.001 and PR=0.74, p<0.001 respectively) recommendations. Not meeting the physical activity guidelines could be explained by lack of inclusive programs and inaccessible environments.
Felix S. Sebastian Hussenoeder Steffi G. Riedel-Heller Ines Conrad Francisca S. Rodriguez	1200	Literature Review Concepts of Mental Demands at Work that Protect against Cognitive Decline and Dementia: a Systematic Review Workplace mental demands (WPMDs) are considered to be protective factors for cognitive health in old age and are linked to delayed onset of dementia. Yet, what exactly is meant by WPMDs differs greatly between studies, putting an enormous challenge on researchers and practitioners. We therefore reviewed concepts of WPMDs to create a solid basis for further work and implementation, yielding 34 articles and five different categories: complexity with people/ data/ things, cognitive demands, job control, novelty, and mental workload. Challenges associated with categorizing WPMDs as well as theoretical and measurement-related implications are discussed. This review helps to better understand how workplaces can contribute to later life cognitive fitness, and it offers a conceptual overview for practitioners that want to create more protective working environments or improve existing ones.

Jessica Grossmeier	TAHP-1209	Editor’s Desk: The Why and How of Addressing Employee Happiness This issue of The Art of Health Promotion provides an overview of the business case for addressing employee happiness as well as practical guidance on programmatic approaches. If this issue leaves you wanting more information about how to improve happiness for yourself and others, this author provides a short, recommended reading list.
K. Viswanath Laura D. Kubzansky	TAHP-1210	The Science of Happiness: The View From One Research Center This interview with the codirectors of the Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health shares insights from their research and experience working with employers. They also shed light on the challenges of conducting happiness research, noting that some of the findings linking employee happiness to health and business outcomes are equivocal.
Hunter Black Sarah Greenberg Katie Saulsgiver Evan Sinar Andrew Reece Evan Carr Gabriella Kellerman	TAHP-1212	Beyond Hedonia: 5 Keys to Enhancing Workplace Well-Being at Scale The experts at BetterUp describe the evidence informing their holistic approach to addressing happiness and emotional well-being for employee populations and share the results experienced by more than 10 000 participants in the first 3 months of their coaching programs.
Laurie Heap	TAHP-1217	Fostering Happiness Through Balance and Integration: A Garmin Case Study Laurie Heap, MD, drawing on 20 years of experience in well-being education and extensive review of modern psychological research and integrative neuroscience, developed a program to enhance holistic well-being both at home and in the workplace. Initially targeted toward teens and young adults in high school and university settings, the program has been more recently applied to employees in the corporate setting. Program methodology and results of the Life in Balance pilot program at Garmin are presented.
Rob Wheaton Jamie Gassmann Nancy O’Brien	TAHP-1221	Happiness Measurably Propels Human Well-Being & Performance: A Case Report This article describes how Experience Happiness developed, deployed, and demonstrated the value of The Happiness Practice in collaboration with R3 Continuum. This case report profiles the 5-Principles of Happiness that are central to their delivery approach, as well as their proprietary Return-on-Happiness measurement system that quantifies individual well-being and business results.