Abstract
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Paul E. Terry |
9 |
This editorial describes recent randomized controlled trials of worksite wellness interventions and argues that fidelity to intervention designs should be contingent on careful consideration of internal and external validity. A China based hypertension management study which achieved impressive outcomes across 60 workplaces using a comprehensive approach is contrasted with the traditional wellness practices employed in other randomized controlled trials conducted in America. Why studies with negative findings receive more media and professional scrutiny than studies with positive findings is discussed. Three reasons are posited for why bad is stronger than good when it comes to capturing attention. Adoption of new evidence is discussed along with what health promotion professionals can do to advance best practices by considering adoption as an ongoing process. |
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Catherine Crawford Cohen Raymond Tsai Simon Hollands Harry Liu |
13 |
This study examined whether the use of worksite health and wellness clinics at The Wonderful Company reduced employee hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) for prediabetic and diabetic employees. The clinics offer primary medical care and wellness services by physicians, health coaches, nutritionists, physical therapists, and behavioral health counselors. There were 445 clinic users propensity-score matched to 217 non-users using 2016 employee data including HbA1c. The 2017 HbA1c of diabetic employees was lower among clinic users compared to non-users (7.42 vs 8.53, P < .001). Differences in HbA1c among prediabetics, or diabetics and prediabetics aggregated, were not statistically significant, despite a population-level decline in prediabetes prevalence between 2015 and 2017. The clinic impact results were robust to multivariate analyses and an alternative definition of utilization. |
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Elizabeth Salerno Valdez Luis Valdez Josephine Korchmaros David O. Garcia Sally Stevens Samantha Sabo Scott Carvajal |
20 |
We examined how socioenvironmental risk factors unique to the US-Mexico border, defined as border community and immigration stress, normalization of drug trafficking, and perceived disordered neighborhood stress, contribute to tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use among adolescents residing there. The cross-sectional study was conducted at a high school on the US-Mexico border with a sample of 445 primarily Hispanic students (ages 14-18). We used the Perceived Disordered Neighborhood Stress Scale, Border Community and Immigration Stress Scale, and Normalization of Drug Trafficking Scale to measure the hypothesized risk factors. Logistic regression assessed the association between the socioenvironmental risk factors and past 30-day tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use. Participants with higher border community and immigration stress scores were significantly more likely to have used tobacco (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.41, P < .01) and alcohol (aOR = 1.31, P < .01) in the past 30 days. Perceived disordered neighborhood stress was also associated with past 30-day alcohol use (aOR = 1.46, P < .00). The normalization of drug trafficking was associated with past 30-day marijuana use (aOR = 1.45, P < .05). Public health practitioners, educational institutions, and policy makers should consider the economic and normative environment of the US-Mexico border for future substance use prevention and risk reduction efforts targeting border adolescents. |
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Syed Afroz Keramat Khorshed Alam Jeff Gow Stuart J H Biddle |
28 |
This study aims to investigate the impact of disadvantaged neighborhoods and lifestyle factors on obesity among Australian adults. Data for this study came from a cohort of 10 734 adults (21 468 observations) who participated in the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey. The participants were interviewed at baseline in 2013 to 2014 and were followed up in 2017 to 2018. Generalized estimating equation model with logistic link function was employed to examine within-person changes in obesity due to disadvantaged neighborhoods and lifestyle factors at 2-time points over a 4-year follow-up period. Adults living in the most disadvantaged area were 1.22 (odds ratio [OR]: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.08-1.38) and 1.30 (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.20 -1.42) times, respectively, more prone to be overweight and obese compared with peers living at least disadvantaged area. Study results also revealed that adults who consume fruits regularly and perform high levels of physical activity were 6% (OR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.91-0.98) and 12% (OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.85-0.92) less likely to be obese, respectively, compared to their counterparts. Current alcohol drinkers were 1.07 (OR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01 -1.13) times more likely to be obese compared to peers not consuming alcohol. Highly psychologically distressed adults were 1.08 times (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02-1.13) more likely to be obese than their peers. This study contributes to the literature regarding disadvantaged neighborhoods and lifestyle factors, which have an influence on adult obesity rates and thus help health decision-makers to formulate effective obesity prevention strategies. |
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Elise Carbonneau Benoît Lamarche Véronique Provencher Sophie Desroches Julie Robitaille Marie-Claude Vohl Catherine Bégin Mathieu F Bélanger Charles Couillard Luc Pelletier Luigi Bouchard Julie Houle Marie-France Langlois Louise Corneau Simone Lemieux |
38 |
This study aimed to assess how nutrition knowledge is associated with overall diet quality, and to investigate whether sociodemographic characteristics moderate this association, among 1092 French-speaking adults from the Province of Quebec, Canada. Participants were recruited in the context of a web-based cross-sectional study and completed validated questionnaires. Diet quality was assessed using the Canadian Healthy Eating Index (C-HEI). Multiple linear regression showed that nutrition knowledge was a significant correlate of C-HEI. Education level significantly moderated the association between nutrition knowledge and C-HEI; nutrition knowledge was more strongly associated with C-HEI among participants with lower, compared to higher, levels of education. Results of this study suggest that the association between nutrition knowledge and adherence to healthy eating guidelines is not the same in different sub-groups of the population. Interventions aiming at increasing nutrition knowledge, especially among individuals with lower educational attainment, could contribute to supporting healthier dietary patterns. |
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Michael S Leibow Jerry Lee Kelly R Morton |
48 |
We do not know how the relationship of mental health and exercise behavior operates over time and its possible bidirectional nature. This study looks at the bidirectionality in examining the relationship of mental health and exercise in mid to late life and found that flourishing and positivity ratio (PR) work together to predict later increased exercise in a sample of older adults. Flourishing specifically works to increase the PR to ultimately increase later exercise behaviors over the course of 3 to 5 years. The indirect effects of flourishing on increased exercise 3 to 5 years later through PR is a unique finding that adds to this literature by exploring the complex theoretical relationship of psychosocial functioning effects on emotional functioning that motivates exercise behaviors over time. These exercise behaviors in turn can provide positive feedback loops to then facilitate psychosocial and emotional functioning. |
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Billy A Caceres Meghan Reading Turchioe Anthony Pho Theresa Koleck Ruth Masterson Creber Suzanne Bakken |
57 |
In this study, we used cross-sectional data from the 2014 and 2017 National Health Interview Survey to examine sexual identity and racial/ethnic differences in awareness of heart attack and stroke symptoms among US adults. Overall, compared to White participants, racial/ethnic minorities had lower rates of awareness of heart attack and stroke symptoms. We found that Hispanic and Asian sexual minority (such as gay/lesbian and bisexual) men and women had lower rates of awareness of heart attack and stroke symptoms than White heterosexuals of the same sex. Consistent with previous evidence, sexual minorities in our study were more likely to use health information technology (such as searching health information online and watching health videos) to obtain health information. Therefore, we recommend the use of health information technology to deliver targeted health education and health promotion, including information on heart attack and stroke symptoms, for sexual minorities of color. |
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Yvonne Finn Miroslava Gorecka Gerard Flaherty Fidelma Dunne Timothy O’Brien James Crowley David Wood Susan Connolly Jennifer Jones Irene Gibson |
68 |
The purpose of this study was to evaluate a community-based cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention program in persons with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Participant outcomes were analyzed in those who had newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and 2 or more CVD risk factors. The CVD prevention program was based in a community-setting in Ireland and included weekly health promotion seminars, group exercise, and individual consultations, delivered by a multidisciplinary team. Control of blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipids was monitored, as was lifestyle factors and well-being; 218 persons (134 men) participated, mean age was 59.8 (10.2) years. Completion rate was 75.2% (n = 164). The proportion achieving target glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) increased from 53% at baseline to 75% (P < .001) at end of program. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures reduced by 8.8 mm Hg (95% CI: −11.2 to −6.4) and 5.2 mm Hg (95% CI: −6.9 to −3.5), respectively. Mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduced from 2.45 mmol/L to 2.05 mmol/L (P < .001). Significantly higher proportions met recommended targets in diet (6.9% vs 43.4%, P < .001) and physical activity (9.2% vs 56.6%, P < .001). Psychosocial measures significantly improved at end of program. The majority of improvements were sustained at 1 year. |
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Philip H. Smith Paul W. Branscum |
77 |
We evaluated the feasibility, utility, and limitations of a rapid community behavioral diagnosis (RCBD) for social distancing behaviors to prevent coronavirus transmission during a global coronavirus pandemic. Using social media for recruitment, we partnered with a local community task force to administer a brief online survey to residential urban community members. Eighty-four community members, the majority of whom were white, female, college educated completed the survey, which assessed behavioral intentions, attitudes, perceived norms, and perceived behavioral control for 3 social distancing behaviors: maintaining a 6-foot distance, avoiding places people congregate, and staying home as much as possible. The RCBD was implemented and results were communicated to the community within 1 week. Intentions were high across the 3 behaviors, but lowest for staying home as much as possible. Younger participants had lower intentions of maintaining a 6-foot distance than older participants. For each behavior, specific recommendations for health promotion messaging emerged based on how attitudes, norms, and perceived behavioral control related to intentions. |
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NALEEF FAREED Christine Swoboda Pallavi Jonnalagadda Daniel Walker Timothy Huerta |
84 |
Our study examines concomitantly the relationships of overall health information seeking, confidence, and trust of health information source with race, and how these relationships have changed over a 11-year time period from 2007 to 2017 using Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) data. Our study results showed that Hispanic respondents and those in the Other race group were less likely to seek health information than White respondents, and Other respondents had lower confidence in ability to seek health information. Black, Hispanic, and Other people were all more likely to trust the radio and religious organizations more than White respondents. Many of these differences between races in trust of information sources have remained across time. Our findings provide guidance for how researchers and various stakeholders may understand how health information is perceived and used by the population. Recognizing the optimal information mediums, their reach, and credibility among diverse racial groups could enable a more targeted, effective approach to developing influential interventions to relay and promote meaningful health information rather than utilizing a standard or generic approach. |
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Bonnie Wiggins Kim Anastasiou David Nicholas Cox |
93 |
Multisector alliances for health promotion purposes frequently appear in the public health domain. The purpose of this systematic literature review was to assess the factors associated with effective alliances, which achieved synergy among members. Included papers described alliances with a public health and behavioural focus, from the public or private sector, which were multipartner, multisector and in high-income countries. Between March 2009 and February 2019, articles in PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched, and a final 24 papers were included for review. Data were coded according to 28 factors representing antecedents, management, and evaluation (Parent & Harvey model), and 3 output-specific factors (Bergen model). Of the 24 papers, 58% contained synergistic alliances. While almost all factors reportedly enabled synergy, some factors were more frequently associated with synergistic alliances, including clear purpose and positive coordination, information sharing, and evaluation of project outcomes. Complexity within some factors was also reported. The research concluded that the theoretical models were supported by the data. Public health alliances would likely benefit from incorporating the factors identified as beneficial for synergy and to carefully consider the management of complex factors. |
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Jill Sonke Kelley Sams Jane Morgan-Daniel Nancy Schaefer Virginia Pesata Tasha Golden Heather Stuckey |
106 |
Guided by the hypothesis that the arts can play a role in changing attitudes, beliefs, and health behaviors, the objectives of this scoping review were to (1) overview artistic practices, interventions, and research being conducted at the intersection of the arts and health communication; and (2) identify desired and observed outcomes and variables measured in these studies. In all, 78 articles met inclusion criteria. The articles included in this review show that the arts are being used widely and diversely in health communication in the United States. The review indicates that the arts are useful to build knowledge and awareness around health issues. It also affirms the need for evidence syntheses that can assess arts-based outcomes, identify replicable best practices, and guide more consistent outcome measures. |
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Meertien K Sijpkens Sabine F van Voorst Ageeth N Rosman Lieke C de Jong-Potjer Semiha Denktaş Birgit C.P. Koch Loes C M Bertens Eric A P Steegers |
116 |
In this community-based prospective cohort study, the effect of preconception care consultations on change in lifestyle behaviors was assessed. At baseline and 3 months later, self-reported and biomarker data were obtained about initiation of folic acid supplementation, cessation of smoking, alcohol consumption, and illicit drug use. We included women aged 18 to 41 years who had a preconception care consultation with a general practitioner or midwife. Our study suggests that preconception care contributes to initiation of folic acid supplementation and cessation of binge drinking in women who intend to become pregnant. The study adds to the body of evidence regarding the benefits of preconception care in improving periconception health. |
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Rebecca Ellis Colleen Saringer Ashlee Davis Duke Biber David A Ferrer |
121 |
Desire2Move (D2M) is an annual program designed to encourage university employees to participate in physical activity (PA). During the 8-week program, invited departments competed as teams to accumulate the greatest average minutes of PA. Team captains are responsible for recruitment and delivery of program information. All team members record minutes of PA in MapMyFitness. At the end of D2M, the team with the greatest average PA minutes was the champion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of program implementation fidelity by team captains on program effectiveness. When teams perceived their captain implemented the program as designed, they averaged greater PA minutes and were more satisfied with the program compared to teams that perceived their captain did not implement the program as designed. Wellness Champions are important in “real world” settings for successful program implementation and effectiveness. |
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Myoungock Jang Roger Brown Pa Vang |
131 |
We advanced our understanding of the relationship between parental stress and child diet patterns by examining the mediating effect of home food availability on the relationship between parental stress and child diet pattern. We also classified parental stress into parents’ general stress and parenting stress and examined whether different types of parental stress is mediated by home food environment for the relationship with child diet pattern. Our findings also indicated that there were different directions for the relationships of parents’ general stress and parenting stress with the home food environment. Parents’ general stress was inversely associated with healthy food availability, while parenting stress was positively associated with health food availability. There were different relationships between community food environment, parental stress, home food availability, and child diet pattern between families of children with private health insurance verses public health insurance or no insurance. Therefore, parental psychological stress is a potentially important intervention target point for improving home food environment and child diet pattern. |
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Bailey Houghtaling David Kniola Sarah Misyak |
127 |
Certain stores where Virginia Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program participants shop, such as grocery, convenience, dollar, and restaurant or delivery service settings, require approaches to understand environmental influences on dietary choices and interventions to mitigate consumer obesity prevalence. |
| Sara Johnson | KWBW-140 |
Climate change is an urgent social issue that is interwoven with health and well-being in numerous complex and varied ways. Climate change disproportionately affects communities of color, older people, those in lower socioeconomic groups, children, and other vulnerable groups, multiplying the stressors marginalized communities face. While some businesses have begun to take steps toward renewable energy sources, much work remains to reduce our greenhouse gas emissions. Health promotion professionals can play a crucial role in promoting awareness, behavior change, and civic engagement to address this existential crisis. |
| Juanita Constible Kim Knowlton |
KWBW-143 |
Climate change fundamentally affects the health and productivity of workers. The adverse impacts on employees and employers will only worsen as climate change makes weather extremes evermore deadly and disruptive. This article provides a compelling rationale for employers to protect their staff, reduce injury and illness costs, and maintain business continuity in the face of climate change by proactively taking three key actions: identifying opportunities to cut heat-trapping greenhouse gas emissions in their own operations; collaborating with union representatives and their own employees to develop climate-smart health and safety procedures; and planning for increasingly frequent extreme weather and disasters in a way that incorporates future climate risks. |
| Brian Gifford | KWBW-146 |
The ongoing—and rising—risks of climate change and natural disasters presents a substantial economic and health threat. The pervasive toll of climate change on health and productivity may complicate the management of non-occupational illnesses (e.g., depression, anxiety) that already impose heavy burdens. This article underscores the urgent need for organizations to support healthy, engaged, and resilient employees with robust business continuity and recovery plans that address health risks from climate change and natural disasters. The skillsets and practices of health benefit and health promotion professionals can play a key role in strengthening disaster preparation efforts. |
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Jennifer D. Roberts Micaela S.D. Ada Shannon L. Jette |
KWBW-149 |
On Earth Day 2019, University of Maryland (UMD) faculty, staff, and community partners launched NatureRx@UMD, an initiative that emphasizes the natural environmental benefits interspersed throughout and around the UMD campus in an effort to address the array of health and well-being issues faced by the students and greater campus community. Guided by the prose of esteemed novelist and naturalist, Alice Walker, the authors walk through this article by outlining the growing body of research demonstrating the health benefits of human interaction with green environments and the impetus for the launch of NatureRx@UMD. NatureRx@UMD, born out of ParkRx America, is based on the premise that time spent in nature is therapeutic and contributes to personal well-being. The rising trend of mental health issues, specifically suicide, among college students is one of the many reasons NatureRx@UMD movements and the like are needed as an important component of treatment across college campuses. |