T cells are an important part of the acquired immune response and target specific
antigen with their T cell receptor. The peritoneum is a special milieu within
which T cells react. We describe briefly the anatomy important for T cell
function. T cell biology including antigen presentation, T cell activation, and
the different T cell subpopulations are reviewed. We also define innate and
acquired immunity and describe the role of polymorphonuclear cells and
peritoneal mesothelial cells in the regulation of leukocyte population
recruitment during peritonitis. We focus particularly on peritoneal lymphocytes
and compare them to the regular lymphocyte populations in the circulation. We
illustrate the role of PMCs in antigen presentation and discuss the changes of
CD4+ helper T cell subtypes (Th1 and Th2) during
peritoneal dialysis. The role of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes
and their possible destructive role for the peritoneal membrane modified by
advanced glycation end products are discussed. Polymorphonuclear cells play an
important role in the regulation of inflammation and immunity. We describe their
possible role in supporting T cells and particularly for generating memory
CD8+ T cells by secretion of interleukin-15, a potent T
cell growth factor. Light is shed on γδ T cells, a special T cell
population that is able to recognize antigens without the restriction of antigen
presentation. We end our review with a description of regulatory T cells. This
cell population is extremely important in preventing autoimmunity and in the
regulation of acquired immunity.
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