Dyslipidemia is a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality in the industrialized world. Because it is often intertwined with other medical conditions, its management is becoming progressively more complex. Populations that pose a particular challenge to clinicians include diabetic patients, children and adolescents, elderly persons, transplant patients, patients with the human immunodeficiency virus, and patients with chronic kidney disease. When establishing lipid goals, it is imperative to have a thorough understanding of the evidence, or lack thereof, supporting the use of lipid-lowering agents among these patients. To maximize the benefits and minimize the risks of pharmacological intervention, clinicians must consider not only the unique alterations in the lipid profile of the aforementioned populations but also individual changes in patients' pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters, as well as the potential for drug-drug and drug-disease interactions.
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