Self-Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: A Concept Analysis

Abstract

Purpose

To clarify and define self-management (SM) within cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome through concept analysis, with implications for holistic nursing.

Design

Concept analysis using Walker and Avant's eight-step method.

Methods

Six databases were searched for peer-reviewed articles (2005–2025). Twenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. Findings were interpreted through the Individual and Family Self-Management Theory and Neuman's Systems Model. Qualitative literature enriched interpretation of the holistic dimensions of each attribute.

Findings

Four defining attributes emerged: self-monitoring, personalized and precision care, collaborative care, and sustained engagement; each carrying behavioral and experiential significance. Five antecedents and six consequences were identified across biological, psychosocial, structural, and spiritual dimensions. Self-Management in CKM is distinct from self-care as traditionally conceptualized, due to pathophysiological interdependence, system-level coordination, and experiential complexity.

Conclusions

This analysis provides a holistic, theory-informed definition of Self-Management in CKM and a foundation for middle-range theory development. The framework supports nurse-led interventions addressing the whole person across interacting chronic conditions.

Keywords

concept analysis holistic nursing self-management cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome chronic disease multimorbidity nursing theory

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