Dental Pathology of the Iberian Lynx ( Lynx pardinus ),Part I: Congenital,Developmental,and Traumatic Abnormalities

The Iberian lynx is an endangered felid that has been subject to an intensive ongoing conservation program in an attempt to save it from extinction. Identification of dental pathologies could play an important role in the survival of this endangered species. The objective of this study is to evaluate the dental pathologies (congenital, developmental, and traumatic abnormalities) of this species of felid. Skulls of 88 adult specimens of the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) from the Doñana Biological Station [Estación Biológica de Doñana-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas] (EBD-CSIC), Seville, Spain, were examined macroscopically, and full-mouth dental radiographs of all specimens were performed. Presence, absence, form of teeth, number of roots, supernumerary teeth, and persistent deciduous teeth were evaluated. The presence of attrition/abrasion, tooth fractures, enamel hypoplasia/hypomineralization, endodontic disease, intrinsically stained teeth, and other traumatic findings were also evaluated. Abnormal grooves and dilacerations were the most common abnormalities seen in the roots of teeth. Two hundred and fifteen fractured teeth (11.3% of evaluated teeth) were detected, and mainly complicated fractures were noted in maxillary canine teeth (24.2% of fractured teeth) and mandibular canine teeth (16.7% of fractured teeth). Endodontic disease was present in 3.9% of the teeth examined. Intrinsic tooth staining was assessed in 8.5% of evaluated teeth. Of all teeth examined, 831 teeth (43.7% of evaluated teeth) exhibited some type of attrition/abrasion. Our study concluded that there is a high prevalence of dental fractures and attrition/abrasion with associated endodontic disease that could lead to impaired hunting ability as well as a threat to overall health and subsequent survival of this endangered species.