Fourteen in-depth interviews were conducted with decision makers in corporations representing natural resources, finance, retail, technology, food and beverage, and communications to explore the diverse approaches to philanthropy in corporate Canada. The authors focused on gaining insight into the organizational differences among companies that are have integrated corporate philanthropy into their cultures, those where philanthropy is marginal to their main business and those that see philanthropy as a beneficial relationship. They learned that companies that have integrated philanthropy into their operations are quite distinct in both attitudes and behavior from the others. Although companies can change the role of philanthropy within their organization, truly integrating philanthropy into the business of the corporation is not something that can develop and evolve over time; if that vision is not present in the corporate culture from the beginning, it is not likely to develop.
Austin, J.E. (2000). Strategic collaboration between nonprofits and businesses. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 29, 69-97.
2.
Azer, A. (2003, January). The changing corporate landscape and its effect on charitable giving. Edmonton: University of Alberta, Canadian Centre for Social Entrepreneurship, School of Business.
3.
Barone, M.J., Miyazaki, A.D., & Taylor, K.A. (2000). The influence of cause-related marketing on consumer choice: Does one good turn deserve another? Academy of Marketing Science, 28(2), 248-262.
4.
Berger, I.E., Cunningham, P.M., & Drumwright, M.E. (2006). Identity, identification and relationship through social alliances. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Sciences, 34(2), 128-137.
5.
Bruch, H., & Walter, F. (2005). The keys to rethinking corporate philanthropy . MIT Sloan Management Review, 47(1), 49-55.
6.
Burson-Marsteller. (2000 ). The responsible century? Summary of the international opinion leader (in partnership with the Prince of Wales Business Leaders Forum). London: Author. Retrieved from http://www.angelfire.com/journal2/communcarse/CSRart.pdf
7.
Carroll, A.B. (1999). Corporate social responsibility: Evolution of a definitional concept. Business & Society, 38(3), 268-295.
8.
Dean, D.H. (2003/2004). Consumer perception of corporate donations: Effects of company reputation for social responsibility and type of donation. Journal of Advertising, 32(4), 91-102.
9.
Drumwright, M. (1996). Company advertising with a social dimension: The role of noneconomic criteria. Journal of Marketing, 60(10), 71-87.
10.
Fiske Gwin, C. (2000). The perspective of nonprofit marketing organizations on cause-related marketing. In G. T. Gundlach & P. E. Murphy (Eds.), American Marketing Association Conference Proceedings, 11, 348-349. Chicago: American Marketing Association.
11.
Foster, M.K., & Meinhard, A.G. (2002, November). CSR in the Canadian context: The new role of corporations in community involvement and social issues. Paper presented at the annual Association for Research on Nonprofit Organizations and Voluntary Action conference, Montreal, Quebec.
12.
Foster, M.K., & Meinhard, A.G. (2005). The diversity of revenue sources among voluntary organizations in Canada. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 15(3), 43-60.
13.
Hall, M., & Banting, K.G. (2000). The nonprofit sector in Canada: An introduction . In K. G. Banting (Ed.), The nonprofit sector in Canada: Roles and relationships (pp. 1-28). Montreal : Queen's University, School of Policy Studies.
14.
Hall, M.H., deWit, M.L., Lasky, D., McIver, D., Evers, T., & Johnson, C. (2005, June) Cornerstones of community: Highlights of the National Survey of Nonprofit and Voluntary Organizations (Catalogue No. 61-533-XPE, Rev. Ed.). Ottawa: Statistics Canada.
15.
Hemphill, T.A. (2004). Corporate citizenship: The case for a new corporate governance model. Business and Society Review, 109(3), 339-361.
16.
Imagine Canada. (2002). Statistics on corporate giving in Canada. Retrieved from www.imagine.ca/content/resource_centre/statistics.asp?section=resources.
17.
Kosminsky, J. (1997). Venture philanthropy: A new model for corporate giving. Fund Raising Management, 28(6), 28-31.
18.
Levin, A.E. (1982). Updating social responsibility. Canadian Banker and ICB Review, 89(5), 56-61.
19.
Marx, J.D. (1999). Corporate philanthropy: What is the strategy? Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 28, 185-198.
20.
McAlister, D.T., & Ferrell, L. (2002). The role of strategic philanthropy in marketing strategy. European Journal of Marketing, 36(5/6), 689-743.
21.
Murphy, B. (1995). Volunteerism: Another kind of giving. Across the Board, 32(4), 25.
22.
Muttart Foundation. (2002). Charities score high on meeting needs. Available from www.muttart.org
23.
Phillips, R. (2000, summer). The corporate community builders: Using corporate strategic philanthropy for economic development. Economic Development Review, pp. 7-11.
24.
Pinney, C. (2001, June). More than charity: Building a new framework for Canadian private voluntary sector relations. Discussion paper for Imagine's Voluntary Sector Forum, Canadian Centre for Philanthropy, Toronto.
25.
Porter, M.E., & Kramer, M.R. (2002). The competitive advantage of corporate philanthropy . Harvard Business Review, 80(12), 57-68.
26.
Post, J.E., & Waddock, S.A. (1995). Strategic philanthropy and partnerships for economic progress, philanthropy and economic development. In R. F. America (Ed.), Philanthropy and economic development (pp. 167-191). Westport, CT: Greenwood.
27.
Ricks, J.M. (2005). An assessment of strategic corporate philanthropy on perceptions of brand equity variables. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 22(3), 121-134.
28.
Saiia, D.H., Carroll, A.B., & Buchholtz, A.K. (2003). Philanthropy as strategy . Business & Society, 42(2), 169-201.
29.
Schmid, H., & Meinhard, A. (2000, November). A comparative analysis of emerging partnerships between corporations and nonprofit social service organizations in Canada and Israel. Paper presented at the annual Association for Research on Nonprofit Organizations and Voluntary Action conference, New Orleans, LA.
30.
Smith, C. (1994). The new corporate philanthropy. Harvard Business Review, 73(3), 105-116.
31.
Smith, W., & Higgins, M. (2000). Cause-related marketing: Ethics and ecstatic. Business and Society, 39(3), 304-322.
32.
Tucker, D.J., Singh, J.V., & Meinhard, A.G. (1990). Organizational form, population dynamics and institutional change: A study of birth patterns of voluntary organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 33, 151-178.
33.
Varadarajan, P.R., & Menon, A. (1988). Cause-related marketing: A coalignment of marketing strategy and corporate philanthropy. Journal of Marketing , 52, 58-74.
34.
Waddock, S.A., & Graves, S.B. (1997). The corporate social performance-financial performance link. Strategic Management Journal, 18(4), 303-319.
35.
Webb, D.J., & Mohr, L.A. (1998). A typology of consumer responses to cause-related marketing: From sceptics to socially concerned. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 17(2), 226-238.
36.
Yechiam, E., Barron, G., Erev, I., & Erez, M. (2003). On the robustness and direction of the effect of cause-related marketing. Journal of Consumer Behavior, 2(4), 320-332.
37.
Zadek, S. (2004). The path to corporate responsibility. Harvard Business Review, 82(12), 125-132.
38.
Zeghal, D., & Ahmed, S.A. (1990). Comparison of social responsibility information disclosure used byCanadian firms. Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, 3(1), 38-53.
