Length of Institutionalization,Contact with Relatives and Previous Hospitalizations as Predictors of Social and Emotional Behavior in Young Ugandan Orphans
Restricted accessOtherFirst published online February, 2004
Length of Institutionalization,Contact with Relatives and Previous Hospitalizations as Predictors of Social and Emotional Behavior in Young Ugandan Orphans
The objectives of this study were to describe the socially based emotions and behaviors of 33 orphans in Uganda and to examine social history correlates of variability in the outcome measures. The toddlers were generally not very aggressive or prosocially oriented, and they displayed rather limited affect. More time was spent alone than with others and there was a preference for interacting in groups over one-on-one. A few significant effects were observed with duration of institutionalization, contact with relatives and previous hospitalization(s) serving as independent variables and the various socially based emotions and behaviors as the outcome measures.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Aapaas, H.R. (1999) ‘AIDS and Orphans in Uganda: Geographical and Gender Interpretations of Household Resources’ , The Social Science Journal36: 201–226 .
2.
Ames, E. (1997) The Development of Romanian Children Adopted into Canada: Final Report, Burnaby, BC: Simon Fraser University/National Welfare Grants .
3.
Bowlby, J. (1969) Attachment and Loss, Vol. 1: Attachment. New York: Basic Books .
4.
Bowlby, J. (1980) Attachment and Loss, Vol. 3: Loss. New York: Basic Books .
5.
Bowlby, J. (1988) A Secure Base. New York: Basic Books .
6.
Dernick, J. and S. Wapner (1988) ‘Open and Closed Adoption: A Developmental Conceptualization’ , Family Process27: 229–249 .
7.
Dontas, C., O. Maratos, M. Fafoutis and A. Karangelis (1985) ‘Early Social Development in Institutionally Reared Greek Infants. The Brush Foundation Study of Child Growth and Development’ , Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development50: 136–146 .
8.
Dresser, J. (1988) ‘An Adopted Child in Analysis’ , Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy3: 235–246 .
9.
Eckensberger, L.H. (1973) ‘Methodological Issues of Cross-Cultural Research in Developmental Psychology’, in J.R. Nesselroade and H.W. Reese (eds) Life-Span Developmental Psychology: Methodological Issues, pp. 43–64. New York: Academic Press .
10.
Edwards, C.P. (1995) ‘Parenting Toddlers’, in M. H. Bornstein (ed.) Handbook of Parenting: Volume 1: Children and Parenting, pp. 41–63. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum .
11.
Frank, D.A., P.E. Klass, F. Earls and L. Eisenberg (1996) ‘Infants and Young Children in Orphanages: One View from Pediatrics and Child Psychiatry’ , Pediatrics97: 569–578 .
12.
Goldfarb, W. (1943) ‘The Effects of Early Institutional Care on Adolescent Personality’ , Journal of Experimental Education12: 106–129 .
13.
Goldfarb, W. (1945) ‘Effects of Psychological Deprivation in Infancy and Subsequent Adjustment’ , American Journal of Psychiatry102: 18–33 .
14.
Goldfarb, W. (1955) ‘Emotional and Intellectual Consequences of Psychologic Deprivation in Infancy: A Reevaluation’, in P. Hoch and J. Zubin (eds) Psychopathology in Childhood, pp.105–119. New York: Grune and Stratton .
15.
Hodges, J. (1989) ‘Aspects of the Relationship to Self and Objects in Early Maternal Deprivation and Adoption’ , Bulletin of the Anna Freud Center12: 5–27 .
16.
Hoffman, M.L. (2000) Empathy and Moral Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press .
17.
Kaler, S.R. and B.J. Freeman (1994) ‘Analysis of Environmental Deprivation: Cognitive and Social Development in Romanian Orphans’ , Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry35: 765–781 .
18.
Morris, J. (1999) ‘A Lesson from the Massacre of Foreign Tourists in Uganda’, America: The National Catholic Weekly(America Press).
19.
O’Connor, T.G., D. Bredenkamp, M. Rutter and the English and Romanian Adoptees (ERA) Study Team (1999) ‘Attachment Disturbances and Disorders in Children Exposed to Early Severe Deprivation’ , Infant Mental Health Journal20: 10–29 .
20.
Provence, S. and R. Lipton (1962) Infants in Institutions. New York: International Universities Press .
21.
Rutayuga, J.B.K. (1992) ‘Assistance to Orphans within the Family/Kinship System and Local Institutions: A Program from East Africa’, Education and Prevention Supplement 57–68.
22.
Spitz, R.A. (1945) ‘Hospitalism: An Inquiry into the Genesis of Psychiatric Conditions in Early Childhood’ , Psychoanalytic Study of Children2: 313–342 .
23.
Tizard, B. and J. Hodges (1978) ‘The Effect of Early Institutional Rearing on the Development of Eight Year Old Children’ , Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry19: 99–118 .
24.
Tizard, B. and J. Rees (1974) ‘A Comparison of the Effects of Adoption, Restoration to the Natural Mother, and Continued Institutionalization in the Cognitive Development of Four-Year-Old Children’ , Child Development45: 92–99 .
25.
Tizard, B. and J. Rees (1975) ‘The Effect of Early Institutional Rearing on the Behaviour Problems and Affectional Relationships of Four-Year-Old Children’ , Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry16: 61–73 .
26.
Trad, P. (1986) Infant Previewing. New York: Springer-Verlag .
27.
Wolff, P.H. and G. Fesseha (1999) ‘The Orphans of Eritrea: A Five-Year Follow-Up Study’ , Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry40: 1231–1237 .
28.
Wolkind, S. and A. Rushton (1994) ‘Residential and Foster Family Care’, in M. Rutter, E. Taylor and L. Hersov (eds) Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: Modern Approaches, pp. 252–266. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications .
29.
Yarrow, L.J. (1961) ‘Maternal Deprivation: Toward an Empirical and Conceptual Re-Evaluation’ , Psychological Bulletin58: 459–490 .
