Siloxane-based polymers as protective coatings against SO 2 dry deposition

Abstract

The present research was focused on investigating the ability of different siloxane-based polymeric coatings to provide environmental protection to monumental limestone (Repedea from Romania) used in the north-eastern part of Romania for the construction of many stone monuments. Three siloxane-based polymers used throughout the world in protecting stone monuments, namely Lotexan-N, Silres^® BS 290 and Tegosivin HL 100 and a newly designed hybrid nanocomposite containing silsesquioxane units (TMSPMA) were selected as polymeric coatings. The ability of the coatings to protect the stone from dry SO₂ deposition in the presence of humidity in a standardized accelerated ageing test was determined. A comparative study of the obtained results indicates that the stone samples treated with the new hybrid siloxane-based nanocomposite exhibited improved resistance to degradation after being exposed to a SO₂ saturated atmosphere.

Keywords

Limestone nanocomposite silsesquioxane

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Maravelaki-Kalaitzaki P , Kallithrakas-Kontos N , Korakaki D , Agioutantis Z , Maurigiannakis S .Evaluation of silicon-based strengthening agents on porous limestones.Prog Org Coat. 2006;57:140-148

Lindqvist JE .Microstructure and functional properties of rock materials.Mater Charact. 2007;58:1183-1188

Mosquera MJ , de los Santos DM , Montes A , Valdez-Castro L .New nanomaterials for consolidating stone.Langmuir. 2008;24:2772-2778

Chiantore O , Lazzari M , Aglietto M , Castelvetro V , Ciardelli F. .Photochemical stability of partially fluorinated acrylic protective coatings I. Poly(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate) and poly-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl methacrylate-co-2-ethylhexyl methacrylate)s.Polym Degrad Stab. 2000;67:461-467

Furlan V , Girardet F Materials Science and Restoration. Wittmann FH , ed. Filderstadt, Germany: Lack und Chemie; 1983:

Pérez Bernal JL , Bello MA .Modeling sulfur dioxide deposition on calcium carbonate.Ind Eng Chem Res. 2003;42:1028-1034

McGee ES , Mossotti VG .Gypsum accumulation on carbonate stone.Atmos Environ. 1992;26B:249-253

Olaru M , Aflori M , Simionescu B , Doroftei F , Stratulat L .Effect of SO2 dry deposition on porous dolomitic limestones.Materials. 2010;3:216-231

Son S , Won J , Kim J-J , Jang YDJ , Kang YS , Kim SD .Organic-inorganic hybrid compounds containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane for conservation of stone heritage.ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2009;1:393-401

10.

11.

Simionescu B , Olaru M , Aflori M , Buruiana EC , Cotofana C .Silsesquioxane-based hybrid nanocomposites of polymethacrylate type with self-assembling properties.Solid State Phenom. 2009;51:17-23

12.

Simionescu B , Olaru M , Aflori M , Cotofana C .Silsesquioxane-based hybrid nanocomposite with self-assembling properties for porous limestones conservation.High Perform Polym. 2010;22:42-55

13.

Simionescu B , Aflori M , Olaru M .Protective coatings based on silsesquioxane nanocomposite films for building limestones.Constr Build Mater. 2009;23:3426-3430

14.

Amoroso GG , Fassina V .Stone decay and conservation.Mater Sci Monographs. 1983;11:151-172

15.

Cultrone G , De La Torre MJ , Sebastian EM , Cazalla O , Rodriguez-Navarro C .Behavior of brick samples in aggressive environments.Water, Air, Soil Pollut. 2000;119:191-207

16.

Cody RD , Cody AM .Gypsum nucleation and crystal morphology in analog saline terrestrial environments.J Sediment Petrol. 1988;58:247-255

17.

Amit R , Yaalon DH. .Micromorphology of Gypsum and halite in reg soils - the Negev Desert, Israel.Earth Surf. Proc. Landforms. 1996;21:1127-1143

18.

Edinger SE .An investigation of the factors which affect the size and growth rates of the habit faces of gypsum.J Cryst Growth. 1973;18:217-224

19.

Elfving P , Panas I , Lindqvist O. .Model study of the first steps in the deterioration of calcareous stone I. Initial surface sulphite formation on calcite.Appl Surf Sci. 1994;74:91-98

20.

Böke H , Göktürk H , Caner-Saltık EN , Demirci S .Effect of airborne particles on SO2 - calcite reaction.Appl Surf Sci. 1999;140:70-82

21.

Ausset P , Crovisier JL , Del Monte M .Experimental study of limestone and sandstone sulphation in polluted realistic conditions: the Lausanne Atmospheric Simulation Chamber (LASC).Atmos Environ. 1996;30:3197-3207

22.

Andersson AJ , Mackenzie FT , Bates NR .Life of the margin: implications of ocean acidification on Mg-calcite, high latitude and cold-water marine calcifiers.Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 2008;373:265-273

23.

Koch B , Disteche A .Pressure effect on magnesian calcite coating calcite and synthesis magnesian calcite seed added to seawater in a closed system.Geochim Cosmochim Acta. 1984;48:583-589