Polymer dielectric composites with high dielectric permittivity and low dielectric loss play an increasing important role for modern electronic and electric industry. In this study, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) incorporated with expanded graphite (EG) or reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was prepared by solution casting and the following hot pressing. The structure, morphology, and properties of the obtained products were characterized. In comparison with EG, rGO exhibits well dispersion and strong interaction with PVDF matrix. With the increasing content of conductive fillers, the dielectric permittivity of both PVDF/EG and PVDF/rGO composites shows an increasing trend whereas the dielectric loss keeps at a low level. The dielectric permittivity of PVDF filled with 4 wt% EG and 8 wt% rGO reaches 420 and 38 at 100 Hz, respectively. Moreover, the introduction of EG and rGO improves the mechanical strength and the thermal stability of PVDF matrix.
DangZMZhengMSZhaJW. 1D/2D carbon nanomaterial-polymer dielectric composites with high permittivity for power energy storage applications. Small2016; 12(13): 1688–1701.
2.
HuangXJiangPTanakaT. A review of dielectric polymer composites with high thermal conductivity. IEEE Electr Insul Mag2011; 27(4): 8–16.
3.
HuKKulkarniDDChoiI, et al.Graphene-polymer nanocomposites for structural and functional applications. Prog Polym Sci2014; 39(11): 1934–1972.
4.
YangKHuangXXieL, et al.Core-shell structured polystyrene/BaTiO3 hybrid nanodielectrics prepared by in situ RAFT polymerization: a route to high dielectric constant and low loss materials with weak frequency dependence. Macromol Rapid Commun2012; 33(22): 1921–1926.
5.
HayashidaKMatsuokaY. Highly enhanced dielectric constants of barium titanate-filled polymer composites using polymer-grafted carbon nanotube matrix. Carbon2013; 60(14): 506–513.
6.
WangZZhouWSuiX, et al.Dynamic thermal-dielectric behavior of core-shell-structured aluminum particle-reinforced epoxy composites. High Perform Polym2017; 29(1): 3–12.
7.
TripathiSNRaoGSSMathurB, et al.Polyolefin/graphene nanocomposites: a review. Rsc Adv2017; 7(38): 23615–23632.
8.
IdumahCIHassanA. Emerging trends in graphene carbon based polymer nanocomposites and applications. Rev Chem Eng2016; 32(2): 223–264.
9.
HuangMTunnicliffeLBZhuangJ, et al.Strain-dependent dielectric behavior of carbon black reinforced natural rubber. Macromolecules2016; 49(6): 2339–2347.
10.
MatchawetSKaesamanABomlaiP, et al.Effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and conductive carbon black on electrical, dielectric, and mechanical properties of epoxidized natural rubber composites. Polym Compos2017; 38(6): 1031–1042.
11.
YousefiNSunXLinX, et al.Highly aligned graphene/polymer nanocomposites with excellent dielectric properties for high-performance electromagnetic interference shielding. Adv Mater2015; 26(31): 5480–5487.
12.
WangBJiaoYGuA, et al.Dielectric properties and mechanism of composites by superposing expanded graphite/cyanate ester layer with carbon nanotube/cyanate ester layer. Compos Sci Technol2014; 91(1): 8–15.
13.
BonaccorsoFColomboLYuG, et al.2D materials. Graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems for energy conversion and storage. Science2015; 347(6217): 1246501.
14.
BhimanapatiGRLinZMeunierV, et al.Recent advances in two-dimensional materials beyond graphene. Acs Nano2015; 9(12): 11509–11539.
15.
ShaoYEl-KadyMFWangLJ, et al.Graphene-based materials for flexible supercapacitors. Chem Soc Rev2015; 46(30): 3639–3665.
16.
RahmanMAChungGS. Synthesis of PVDF-graphene nanocomposites and their properties. J Alloy Compd2013; 581(5): 724–730.
17.
ZhuJShenJGuoS, et al.Confined distribution of conductive particles in polyvinylidene fluoride-based multilayered dielectrics: toward high permittivity and breakdown strength. Carbon2015; 84(1): 355–364.
18.
AmeliAArjmandMPötschkeP, et al.Effects of synthesis catalyst and temperature on broadband dielectric properties of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube/polyvinylidene fluoride nanocomposites. Carbon2016; 106: 260–278.
19.
ShangJZhangYYuL, et al.Fabrication and dielectric properties of oriented polyvinylidene fluoride nanocomposites incorporated with graphene nanosheets. Mater Chem Phys2012; 134(2–3): 867–874.
20.
WangDBaoYZhaJW, et al.Improved dielectric properties of nanocomposites based on poly(vinylidene fluoride) and poly(vinyl alcohol)-functionalized graphene. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces2012; 4(11): 6273–6279.
21.
DengSZhuYLQiXD, et al.Preparation of polyvinylidene fluoride/expanded graphite composites with enhanced thermal conductivity via ball milling treatment. Rsc Adv2016; 6(51): 45578–45584.
22.
RauloASuinSPariaS, et al.Expanded graphite (EG) as a potential filler in the reduction of percolation threshold of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in the PMMA/HDPE/EG/MWCNT nanocomposites. Polym Compos2016; 37(7): 2070–2082.
23.
HeFLauSTChanHL, et al.High dielectric permittivity and low percolation threshold in nanocomposites based on poly (vinylidene fluoride) and exfoliated graphite nanoplates. Adv Mater2010; 21(6): 710–715.
24.
ChenJYaoBLiC, et al.An improved Hummers method for eco-friendly synthesis of graphene oxide. Carbon2013; 64(11): 225–229.
25.
WangDZhangXZhaJW, et al.Dielectric properties of reduced graphene oxide/polypropylene composites with ultralow percolation threshold. Polymer2013; 54(7): 1916–1922.
26.
LiYTangJHuangL, et al.Effective exfoliation of expanded graphite in rigid poly(methyl methacrylate) and its dispersion and enhancement in poly(vinylidene fluoride). J Nanosci Nanotechnol2015; 16(9): 10021–10028.
27.
WengLLiHJuP, et al.The effects of TiC@AlOOH core–shell nanoparticles on the dielectric properties of PVDF based nanocomposites. Rsc Adv2016; 6(30): 25015–25022.
28.
KuesterSMerliniCBarraGMO, et al.Processing and characterization of conductive composites based on poly(styrene-b-ethylene-ran-butylene-b-styrene) (SEBS) and carbon additives: a comparative study of expanded graphite and carbon black. Compos B Eng2016; 84: 236–247.
29.
WeiHZhangYZhangH, et al.Research on performance and preparation of graphene/epoxy high dielectric permittivity polymer composites. High Perform Polym2015; 27(8): 911–917.
30.
HuangEQZhaoJZhaJW, et al.Preparation and wide-frequency dielectric properties of (Ba0.5Sr0.4Ca0.1)TiO3/poly(vinylidene fluoride) composites. J Appl Phys2014; 115: 194102.
31.
GongYZhouWSuiX, et al.Mechanical and dielectric properties of epoxy composites filled with hybrid aluminum particles with binary size distribution. High Perform Polym. DOI: 10.1177/0954008317750227.
32.
ZhangTHuangWZhangN, et al.Grafting of polystyrene onto reduced graphene oxide by emulsion polymerization for dielectric polymer composites: high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss tuned by varied grafting amount of polystyrene. Eur Polym J2017; 94: 196–207.
33.
YangKHuangXFangL, et al.Fluoro-polymer functionalized graphene for flexible ferroelectric polymer-based high-k nanocomposites with suppressed dielectric loss and low percolation threshold. Nanoscale2014; 6(24): 14740–14753.
34.
BotelhoGLanceros-MendezSGonçalvesAM, et al.Relationship between processing conditions, defects and thermal degradation of poly(vinylidene fluoride) in the β-phase. J Non Cryst Solids2008; 354(1): 72–78.
