The noise characteristics of wind turbines are disadvantageous to their development. In this study, the aerodynamic performance of a novel variable-pitch vertical-axis wind turbine under fluctuating wind flow was simulated using the RANS model. This study analyzes the effects of the parameters of fluctuating wind flow, such as its amplitude and frequency, on the aerodynamic characteristics of a wind turbine. The aerodynamic noise characteristics of wind turbines were obtained using the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) equation. The effects of the distance from the monitoring point and fluctuating wind flow parameters on the noise characteristics of the wind turbine were also analyzed. The results indicate that the turbine’s power coefficient increases with the amplitude of the fluctuating inflow. When the inflow amplitude reaches 50% of the mean velocity, the power coefficient exhibits a 10.15% increase compared to that under uniform inflow conditions. The power coefficient first increases with the frequency of the fluctuating incoming flow, and then decreases, reaching its maximum value at 0.5 Hz. The overall sound pressure level (OASPL) decreased with increasing distance from the wind turbine center. The OASPL on the windward side was higher than that on the leeward side, and the noise amplitude increased with the fluctuating wind amplitude. The influence of the incoming flow frequency on the noise OASPL was not significant.
KuangLZhangRSuJ, et al. Systematic investigation of effect of rotor solidity on vertical-axis wind turbines: power performance and aerodynamics analysis. J Wind Eng Ind Aerodynamics2023; 233: 105284.
2.
LiQMaedaTKamadaY, et al. Effect of solidity on aerodynamic forces around straight-bladed vertical axis wind turbine by wind tunnel experiments (depending on number of blades). Renew Energy2016; 96: 928–939.
3.
SuJChenYHanZ, et al. Investigation of V-shaped blade for the performance improvement of vertical axis wind turbines. Appl Energy2020; 260: 114326.
4.
HassanpourMAzadaniLN. Effect of the turbine spacing on the performance of a pair of vertical axis wind turbines. In: The 29th annual international conference of Iranian society of mechanical engineers & 8th conference on thermal power plants, 2021.
5.
DaraeeMAAbbasiS. A novel approach to performance improvement of a VAWT using plasma actuators. J Clean Prod2023; 424: 138876.
6.
KirkeBKLazauskasL. Experimental verification of a mathematical model for predicting the performance of a self-acting variable pitch vertical axis wind turbine. Wind Eng1993; 17(2): 58–66.
7.
ElkhouryMKiwataTAounE. Experimental and numerical investigation of a three-dimensional vertical-axis wind turbine with variable-pitch. J Wind Eng Ind Aerodynamics2015; 139: 111–123.
8.
GerrieCIslamSZGerrieS, et al. 3D CFD modelling of performance of a vertical axis turbine. Energies2023; 16(3): 1144.
9.
HeJJinXXieS, et al. CFD modeling of varying complexity for aerodynamic analysis of H-vertical axis wind turbines. Renew Energy2020; 145: 2658–2670.
10.
SagharichiAZamaniMGhasemiA. Effect of solidity on the performance of variable-pitch vertical axis wind turbine. Energy2018; 161: 753–775.
11.
LiCXiaoYXuYL, et al. Optimization of blade pitch in H-rotor vertical axis wind turbines through computational fluid dynamics simulations. Appl Energy2018; 212: 1107–1125.
12.
XuYLPengYXZhanS. Optimal blade pitch function and control device for high-solidity straight-bladed vertical axis wind turbines. Appl Energy2019; 242: 1613–1625.
13.
GuoJZengPLeiL. Performance of a straight-bladed vertical axis wind turbine with inclined pitch axes by wind tunnel experiments. Energy2019; 174: 553–561.
14.
ZhaoZWangRShenW, et al. Variable pitch approach for performance improving of straight-bladed VAWT at rated tip speed ratio. Appl Sci2018; 8(6): 957.
15.
DanaoLAEdwardsJEboibiO, et al. The Performance of a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine in Fluctuating Wind: A Numerical Study. Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering. 2013 Jul 3–5; London, UK. 2013; 3.
16.
MantravadiBDUSriramK, et al. Effect of solidity and airfoil on the performance of vertical axis wind turbine under fluctuating wind conditions. Int J Green Energy2019; 16(14): 1329–1342.
17.
ZhangWYangSChenC, et al. Analysis of the effects of fluctuating wind on the aerodynamic performance of a vertical-axis wind turbine with variable pitch. Energies2023; 16(20): 7130.
18.
GhasemianMNejatA. Aero-acoustics prediction of a vertical axis wind turbine using large eddy simulation and acoustic analogy. Energy2015; 88: 711–717.
19.
WasalaSHStoreyRCNorrisSE, et al. Aeroacoustic noise prediction for wind turbines using large eddy simulation. J Wind Eng Ind Aerodynamics2015; 145: 17–29.
20.
SuJLeiHZhouD, et al. Aerodynamic noise assessment for a vertical axis wind turbine using improved delayed detached Eddy simulation. Renew Energy2019; 141: 559–569.
21.
LiJLiuRYuanP, et al. Numerical simulation and application of noise for high-power wind turbines with double blades based on large eddy simulation model. Renew Energy2020; 146: 1682–1690.
22.
AiharaABolinKGoudeA, et al. Aeroacoustic noise prediction of a vertical axis wind turbine using large eddy simulation. Int J Aeroacoustics2021; 20(8): 959–978.
23.
LiuQMiaoWBashirM, et al. Aerodynamic and aeroacoustic performance assessment of a vertical axis wind turbine by synergistic effect of blowing and suction. Energy Convers Manag2022; 271: 116289.
24.
ShubhamSWrightNAvalloneF, et al. Aerodynamic and aeroacoustic investigation of vertical axis wind turbines with different number of blades using mid-fidelity and high-fidelity methods. In: AIAA AVIATION 2023 forum, 2023. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
25.
CooperPKennedyOC. Development and analysis of a novel vertical axis wind turbine. University of Wollongong, 2004.
26.
SubramanianAYogeshSASivanandanH, et al. Effect of airfoil and solidity on performance of small scale vertical axis wind turbine using three dimensional CFD model. Energy2017; 133: 179–190.
27.
EbrahimpourMShafaghatRAlamianR, et al. Numerical investigation of the Savonius vertical axis wind turbine and evaluation of the effect of the overlap parameter in both horizontal and vertical directions on its performance. Symmetry2019; 11(6): 821.
28.
MohamedMH. Reduction of the generated aero-acoustics noise of a vertical axis wind turbine using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) techniques. Energy2016; 96: 531–544.
29.
VenkatramanKChristopheJSchramCF, et al. Numerical investigation of the effect of inflow non-uniformity on the noise radiated by a vertical axis wind turbine. In: AIAA AVIATION 2021 forum, 2021. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
30.
WangWYFerngYM. Numerical model for noise reduction of small vertical-axis wind turbines. Wind Energy Sci2024; 9(3): 651–664.
31.
TrivellatoFRaciti CastelliM. On the Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy criterion of rotating grids in 2D vertical-axis wind turbine analysis. Renew Energy2014; 62: 53–62.
32.
WilliamsJEFHallLH. Aerodynamic sound generation by turbulent flow in the vicinity of a scattering half plane. J Fluid Mech1970; 40(4): 657–670.
33.
FarassatFSucciGP. The prediction of helicopter rotor discrete frequency noise. In: American Helicopter Society Annual Forum; 38th, Anaheim, CA, 4–7 May 1982, pp.497–507. Washington, DC: American Helicopter Society.
34.
RoachePJ. Perspective: a method for uniform reporting of grid refinement studies. J Fluid Eng1994; 116(3): 405–413.
35.
ZhanJMLiYTWaiWHO, et al. Comparison between the Q criterion and Rortex in the application of an in-stream structure. Phys Fluids2019; 31(12): 121701.
