Refinement of the two-color pyrometry method for application in a direct injection diesel and natural gas compression-ignition engine

The soot emissions from internal combustion engines have significant health and environmental impacts and, as such, are subject to increasingly stringent regulations. Two-color pyrometry provides the in-cylinder soot cloud temperature and soot volume fraction and can provide insight to the in-cylinder soot formation and oxidation processes to guide research for reducing engine-out soot emissions. This work demonstrates improvements to the two-color pyrometry methodology, with a focus on low-temperature, low-soot regimes such as low-temperature combustion or combustion of direct injected natural gas. Through selection of a fast and robust numerical algorithm, characterizing and increasing the detection envelope, performing static and dynamic perspective adjustments, accounting for non-uniform and non-linear system response, as well as localized signal-to-noise ratio enhancement through image filtering, the performance of the pyrometric method was improved by a 40% increase in the resolved signal fraction. The refined two-color method was evaluated for both direct injected diesel and natural gas fueling strategies using a pilot-ignited direct injected natural gas fuel system and facilitated evaluation of local temperatures and soot concentrations in pilot-ignited direct injected natural gas combustion, despite the generally low soot levels in this combustion strategy.