Effects of Cu–Ag hybrid nanoparticles on the momentum and thermal boundary layer flow over the wedge

Abstract

In this work, the effects of hybrid nanoparticles on the momentum and thermal boundary layers as well as flow characteristics and thermal performance of the hybrid nanofluid are investigated over the wedge. The fluid in the enclosure is water containing hybrid nanoparticles Cu–Ag. The physical model of homogenous hybrid nanofluid is derived using the elementary equations of thermo-hydrodynamic and co-relation's model of a mixture that supports the effective physical features. The results are calculated to measure the effects of nanoparticle concentration on thermal and momentum boundary layers and displayed in graphs for discussions. In addition, the effects of nanoparticles concentration and different compositions of hybrid nanoparticles on temperature and velocity profiles, physical properties, skin friction, and convective heat transfer coefficient are deliberated through graphs and tables. To check its heat transfer performance, a comparison of hybrid nanofluid is made between the base fluid and single material nanofluids. It is found that the efficiency of hybrid nanofluids as a heat transfer fluid is much more than conventional fluids or single nanoparticles-based nanofluids. These results in terms of boundary layers phenomena, heat transfer performance, and temperature and velocity profiles under hybrid nanomaterial could help chemical engineers to design the critical equipment in a process industry such as heat exchangers and pumps and others.

Keywords

Hybrid nanofluid thermal boundary layer momentum boundary layer heat transfer performance flow characteristics

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Bird

. Transport phenomena. Appl Mech Rev 2002; 55: R1–R4.

Sarkar

Ghosh

Adil

. A review on hybrid nanofluids: recent research, development and applications. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2015; 43: 164–177.

Sundar

Sharma

Singh

, et al. Hybrid nanofluids preparation, thermal properties, heat transfer and friction factor–A review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2017; 68: 185–198.

Noh

Fazeli

Sidik

. Numerical simulation of nanofluids for cooling efficiency in microchannel heat sink. J Adv Res Fluid Mech Therm Sci 2014; 4: 13–23.

Khan

Dil

. Heat transfer enhancement of automobile radiator using H2O–CuO nanofluid. AIP Adv 2017; 7: 045018.

Gonzalez

Kelly

Hayashi

, et al. Heat transfer mechanisms in pulsating heat-pipes with nanofluid. Appl Phys Lett 2015; 106: 013906.

Wilson

Borgmeyer

, et al. Effect of nanofluid on the heat transport capability in an oscillating heat pipe. Appl Phys Lett 2006; 88: 143116.

Abbas

Bhatti

Ayub

. Aiding and opposing of mixed convection Casson nanofluid flow with chemical reactions through a porous Riga plate. Proc IMechE, Part E: J Process Mechanical Engineering 2018; 232: 519–527.

Marin

Ochsner

. The effect of a dipolar structure on the Holder stability in Green-Naghdi thermoelasticity. Contin Mech Thermodyn 2017; 29: 1365–1374.

10.

Marin

. Cesaro means in thermoelasticity of dipolar bodies. Acta Mech 1997; 122: 155–168.

11.

Sheikholeslami

Bhatti

. Active method for nanofluid heat transfer enhancement by means of EHD. Int J Heat Mass Transfer 2017; 109: 115–122.

12.

Sheikholeslami

Bhatti

. Forced convection of nanofluid in presence of constant magnetic field considering shape effects of nanoparticles. Int J Heat Mass Transfer 2017; 111: 1039–1049.

13.

Sheikholeslami

. Influence of magnetic field on Al₂O₃-H₂O nanofluid forced convection heat transfer in a porous lid driven cavity with hot sphere obstacle by means of LBM. J Mol Liq 2018; 263: 472–488.

14.

Sheikholeslami

Shehzad

. Simulation of water based nanofluid convective flow inside a porous enclosure via non-equilibrium model. Int J Heat Mass Transfer 2018; 120: 1200–1212.

15.

Rizwan ul

Haq

Noor

NFM

Khan

. Numerical simulation of water based magnetite nanoparticles between two parallel disks. Adv Powder Technol 2016; 27: 1568–1575.

16.

Rizwan ul

Haq

Rajotia

Noor

NFM

. Thermophysical effects of water driven copper nanoparticles on MHD axisymmetric permeable shrinking sheet: dual-nature study. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 2016; 39: 33.

17.

Noreen

Butt

Noor

NFM

. Heat transfer analysis on transport of copper nanofluids due to metachronal waves of cilia. Current Nanosci 2014; 10: 807–815.

18.

Bhatti

Rashidi

. Effects of thermo-diffusion and thermal radiation on Williamson nanofluid over a porous shrinking/stretching sheet. J Mol Liq 2016; 221: 567–573.

19.

Abdelsalam SI and Bhatti MM. New insight into AuNP applications in tumour treatment and cosmetics through wavy annuli at the nanoscale. Scientific reports 2019; 9. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36459-0.

20.

Ellahi

Hassan

Zeeshan

. A study of heat transfer in power law nanofluid. Therm Sci 2015; 20: 2015–2026.

21.

Ellahi

Hassan

Zeeshan

, et al. The shape effects of nanoparticles suspended in HFE-7100 over wedge with entropy generation and mixed convection. Appl Nanosci 2016; 6: 641–651.

22.

Choi

Yoo

. Preparation and heat transfer properties of nanoparticle-in-transformer oil dispersions as advanced energy-efficient coolants. Curr Appl Phys 2008; 8: 710–712.

23.

Madhesh

Kalaiselvam

. Energy efficient hybrid nanofluids for tubular cooling applications. Appl Mech Mater 2014; 592: 922–926.

24.

Suresh

Venkitaraj

Selvakumar

, et al. Effect of Al₂O₃–Cu/water hybrid nanofluid in heat transfer. Exp Therm Fluid Sci 2012; 38: 54–60.

25.

Suresh

Venkitaraj

Hameed

, et al. Turbulent heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of dilute water-based Al2O3–Cu hybrid nanofluids. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2014; 14: 2563–2572.

26.

Ponnusamy

Sivan

. Use of Al₂O₃-Cu/H₂O hybrid nanofluid in an electronic heat sink. IEEE Trans Compon Packag Manuf Technol 2012; 2: 1600–1607.

27.

Kuo

. Heat transfer analysis for the Falkner–Skan wedge flow by the differential transformation method. Int J Heat Mass Transfer 2005; 48: 5036–5046.

28.

White

. Viscous fluid flow, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991.

29.

Yacob

Ishak

Pop

. Falkner–Skan problem for a static or moving wedge in nanofluids. Int J Therm Sci 2011; 50: 133–139.

30.

Mohsan

Abrar

Bhatti

. Interaction of aluminum oxide nanoparticles with flow of polyvinyl alcohol solutions base nanofluids over a wedge. Appl Nanosci 2018; 8: 53–60.

31.

Mohsan

Marin

Ellahi

, et al. Exploration of convective heat transfer and flow characteristics synthesis by Cu-Ag/water hybrid nanofluids. Heat Transfer Res 2018; 49: 1837–1848.

32.

Rashmi

Jahar

. Heat transfer performance characteristics of hybrid nanofluids as coolant in louvered fin automotive radiator. Heat Mass Transfer 2016; 53: 1923–1931.

33.

Habibi

Dehsara

Abbassi

. Mixed convection MHD flow of nanofluid over a non-linear stretching sheet with effects of viscous dissipation and variable magnetic field. Mechanics 2012; 18: 415–423.

34.

Liao

. Advances in the homotopy analysis method, Singapore: Word Scientific, 2014.