Graphene-gold/PDMS Maxwell hybrid nanofluidic flow in a squeezed channel with linear and irregular radiations

The hydrothermal performance of a hybrid nanofluid made of graphene, gold/polydimethylsiloxane between two squeezing plates is discussed in this study. In the investigation of thermal transport of the flow, both linear and nonlinear thermal radiation's effects are taken into account. Bejan numbers are used to determine the system's energy efficiency. Viscous and thermal radiation effects on Maxwell hybrid nanofluid flow in a squeezing channel are incorporated to explore the outcomes. By applying similarity transformations, the set of ordinary differential equations in this case is transformed into the governing equations. With the use of the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg technique converted system is solved numerically. Skin friction and heat transfer rates under the influence of certain oriented parameters are numerically analysed and presented in tabular form. The impacts of different factors on the temperature and velocity profiles are illustrated graphically and briefly described. Important findings include that the Bejan number raises as the radiation parameter Rd rises, but that it falls with respect to the Eckert number effect. Additionally, the skin friction values and Nusselt number in the hybrid nanofluid case are larger than in the nanofluid case. Furthermore, it has been found that the Deborah number-described stress relaxation phenomenon causes the flow field and thermal energy transfer to be less efficient when fluids are moving. There is surprisingly little research on the hybrid fluid integrated into their issues.