Optimisation of performance and emission parameters of a CI engine fuelled with kapok oil methyl ester–turpentine oil blends and diethyl ether additive
Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online 2025
Optimisation of performance and emission parameters of a CI engine fuelled with kapok oil methyl ester–turpentine oil blends and diethyl ether additive
The article aims to investigate the characteristics of compression ignition (CI) engines fuelled with blends of kapok oil methyl ester (KME) and turpentine oil (TO) with the inclusion of diethyl ether (DEE) as a fuel additive and the RSM has been used to analyse the engine characteristics. The design matrix is created for 50% to 100% loading and 30% to 70% blending in TO with kapok methyl ester. The experiment was conducted on a water-cooled 5.2 kW CI engine and 30%, 50%, and 70% of KME and TO blend. According to the test results, 50–50 KME and TO have a brake thermal efficiency of 29.13%. Another design matrix was designed for a load range of 50% to 100% and DEE of 0% to 20% in a 50 KT blend. The 50 KT blend with 20% DEE has the highest brake thermal efficiency (30.30%) and the lowest brake-specific energy consumption. The emissions of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and smoke decrease to 8.25 g/kWh, 0.13 g/kWh, and 57%, respectively. The combustion process leads to the highest peak pressure and net heat release rate, which are 72 bar and 74.93 kJ/OCA, respectively. The outcome is 50–50% turpentine and kapok oil methyl ester blends, with 20% DEE have improved the performance and reduced the emissions.
SoudagarMEMUpadhyayVVBhooshanamNN, et al.Organic municipal solid waste derived hydrogen production through supercritical water gasification process configured with K2CO3/SiO2: performance study. Biomass and Bioenergy2024; 190: 107379. Available at: https://linkinghub-elsevier-com-s.web.bisu.edu.cn/retrieve/pii/S0961953424003325.
SilitongaASMasjukiHHMahliaTMI,et al.Experimental study on performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine fuelled with Ceiba pentandra biodiesel blends. Energy Convers Manag. 2013;76:828–836.
9.
VedharajSVallinayagamRYangWM, et al.Experimental investigation of kapok (Ceiba pentandra) oil biodiesel as an alternate fuel for diesel engine. Energy Convers Manag2013; 75: 773–779.
10.
VedharajSVallinayagamRYangWM, et al.Effect of adding 1,4-dioxane with kapok biodiesel on the characteristics of a diesel engine. Appl Energy2014; 136: 1166–1173.
11.
KarthikeyanRNallusamy AAlagumoorthiN, et alOptimization of engine operating parameters for turpentine mixed diesel fueled DI diesel engine using Taguchi method.Int J Eng Sci Technol2010; 4: 182–192.
KadarohmanAKhoerunnisaFSapeeS, et al. The effect of oxygenated turpentine oil additive in diesel fuel on the performance and emission characteristics in one-cylinder DI engines. Designs2021; 5(4): 73–90. Available at: https://www.mdpi.com/2411-9660/5/4/73.
16.
K. AMadhusudan ReddyDGoyalNBansalD, , et al. Experimental study on the effect of cetane improver with turpentine oil on CI engine characteristics. Fuel. 2020;262:116551.
17.
DubeyPGuptaR. Effects of dual bio-fuel (Jatropha biodiesel and turpentine oil) on a single cylinder naturally aspirated diesel engine without EGR. Appl Therm Eng. 2017;115:1137–1147.
DabiMSahooBBSahaUK. Increase of efficiency and reduction of CO and NOx emissions in a stationary compression ignition engine run on Mesua ferrea Linn oil-diesel and diethyl ether. Therm Sci Eng Prog. 2021;25:100980.
20.
NanthagopalKAshokBGarnepudiRS,et al.Investigation on diethyl ether as an additive with Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel for CI engine application. Energy Convers Manag. 2019;179:104–113.
21.
AhmadAYadavAKHasanS. Enhanced production of methane enriched biogas through intensified co-digestion process and its effective utilization in a biodiesel/biohydrogen fueled engine with duel injection strategies: ML-RSM based an efficient optimization approach. Int J Hydrogen Energy2024; 65: 671–686. Available at: https://linkinghub-elsevier-com-s.web.bisu.edu.cn/retrieve/pii/S0360319924013156.
22.
AhmadAYadavAKSinghA, et al.A hybrid RSM-GA-PSO approach on optimization of process intensification of linseed biodiesel synthesis using an ultrasonic reactor: enhancing biodiesel properties and engine characteristics with ternary fuel blends. Energy2024; 288: 129077. Available at: https://linkinghub-elsevier-com-s.web.bisu.edu.cn/retrieve/pii/S0360544223024714.
GaoSYeYTanD, et al.Improvements of performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with diesel/PODE3/n-butanol blended fuels by RSM-NSGA III in plateau environment. Process Saf Environ Prot2024; 185: 184–210. Available at: https://linkinghub-elsevier-com-s.web.bisu.edu.cn/retrieve/pii/S0957582024002180.
28.
George RoyRAğbulutÜPreno KoshyC, et al.Impact of synthesizing surfactant-modified catalytic ceria nanoparticles on the performance and environmental behaviors of coconut oil/diesel-fueled CI engine: an optimization attempt. Energy2024; 295: 130825. Available at: https://linkinghub-elsevier-com-s.web.bisu.edu.cn/retrieve/pii/S0360544224005978.
29.
OngHCMasjukiHHMahliaTMI,et al.Engine performance and emissions using Jatropha curcas, Ceiba pentandra and Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel in a CI diesel engine. Energy. 2014;69:427–445.
30.
UdayakumarPKasiramanG. Hydrogen influence on kapok methyl ester blended with DEE as an alternate fuel in CI engine. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part E J Process Mech Eng2024; 238: 474–482.
ShuklaHSharmaASathish KumarA, et al.Experimental investigation on performance and emission characteristics of CI engine fuelled with linseed oil and ethyl-tert-butyl-ether (ETBE) as additive. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng2020; 912: 042073. Available at: https://iopscience-iop-org-s.web.bisu.edu.cn/article/10.1088/1757-899X/912/4/042073.
KhanMMKadianAKSharmaRP, et al.Emission reduction and performance enhancement of CI engine propelled by neem biodiesel-neem oil-decanol-diesel blends at high injection pressure. Sustainability2023; 15: 9084. Available at: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/11/9084.
35.
KarthikeyanSPeriyasamyMPrathimaA. Emission analysis of CI engine fueled by pilot dual fuel blends. Mater Today Proc. 2020;33:3248–3253.
DongYXuBLiaoT, et al.Application of local-feature-based 3-D point cloud stitching method of low-overlap point cloud to aero-engine blade measurement. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas2023; 72: 1–13. Available at: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10233118/.
Govinda RaoBDatta BharadwazYVirajithaC,et al.Effect of injection parameters on the performance and emission characteristics of a variable compression ratio diesel engine with plastic oil blends – an experimental study. Energy Environ2018; 29: 492–510. Available at: https://journals-sagepub-com.web.bisu.edu.cn/doi/10.1177/0958305X17753208.
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.
For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.
