Experimental measurement of track irregularities in EMS maglev systems using the mid-chord offset method and inverse filtering technology

Track irregularities are the main factors causing changes in suspension stability and vibrations in EMS (Electro-magnetic Suspension) maglev trains. Due to the scarcity of actual measurement data on EMS maglev track irregularities, this paper utilizes the principles of the mid-chord offset method to develop a track irregularity detector with a 1-m test chord length. Tests were conducted on the maglev line in Qingyuan, Guangdong. Based on the “using small to predict large” algorithm, data simulating a 3-m test chord length were output. The experimental data were processed to remove trend items and outliers, and an inverse filter was designed to counteract the amplitude gain error of the mid-chord offset method, obtaining accurate data on vertical and lateral track irregularities. The results show that the amplitude and power spectral density (PSD) fluctuations of track irregularities on the left and right rails of the measured line section are similar, with height irregularities of 2.5–3 mm and alignment irregularities of 1–1.5 mm. Periodic wavelength components related to the longitudinal spacing of sleepers, rail length, and beam span, such as 1.2 m, 6.5 m, 12.5 m, and 25 m, are evident, highlighting the need for enhanced inspection and maintenance of these structural components in engineering projects.