Three-objective optimization of a centrifugal pump with double volute to minimize radial thrust at off-design conditions

Optimization of a centrifugal pump with double volute was performed using surrogate modeling and a multi-objective genetic algorithm to minimize the radial thrust at off-design conditions with minimal loss in hydraulic efficiency. Both steady and unsteady numerical analyses were conducted using three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations with a shear stress transport turbulent model. The three objective functions are hydraulic efficiency at the design flow rate, and radial thrust coefficient at 70% and 120% of the design flow rate. In addition, three geometric parameters related to the surface curve and the locations of both ends of the rib structure were selected as the design variables for optimization. The Latin hypercube sampling method was used to choose the design points in the design space. The three objective functions were approximated using response surface approximation models. Pareto-optimal solutions representing the trade-off between the objective functions were obtained using a genetic algorithm. Representative optimal designs show that the optimized double volutes significantly reduce both the radial force and the amplitude of the radial force fluctuation with small loss in hydraulic efficiency.