Mitigation of cross-layer random denial-of-service cyber attacks for resilient distributed power system utilizing novel modified golf optimization algorithm

This paper examines a new PD+PI controller for load frequency control (LFC) solution for multi-area distributed hydro-thermal power systems under cross-layer attacks, based on the Modified Golf optimisation algorithm (mGOA). The mGOA-based PD+PI system is used to model and analyse the nonlinear components in the turbine and governor dynamics, as well as the unknown parameters of the thermal system. Denial-of-service (DoS) attacks at the cyber layer are one example of a cross-layer attack that is modelled as a separate process and poses a threat to power system stability. A two-area distributed hybrid power system is used for simulations to confirm that the proposed PD+PI control scheme is more resilient against cyber-attacks. The outcomes show that the developed robust controller can successfully control the system frequency under a range of cross-layer DoS attack probabilities. It is anticipated that the proposed mGOA-based PD+PI controller outperforms conventional PID controllers in terms of frequency control. The suggested controller outperforms the conventional GOA-based PID controller by 57.54%.