We use a harmonized matched employer—employee dataset to study the impact
of the collective bargaining regime on wages in the manufacturing sector in three
countries with a multi-level system of bargaining: Belgium, Denmark and Spain.
Single-employer bargaining has a positive effect both on wage levels and on wage
dispersion in Belgium and in Denmark. In Spain, it also increases wage levels but
reduces wage dispersion. Our interpretation is that in Belgium and Denmark,
single-employer bargaining is used to adapt pay to the specific needs of the firm
while, in Spain it is mainly used by trade unions in order to compress the wage
distribution.
Andersen, T.M.
(2003) `Changes in Danish Labor Market Bargaining: The
Prototypical Case of Organized Decentralization?', in
E.J. Dølvik
and
F. Engelstad
(eds) National Regimes of Collective Bargaining in Transformation:
Nordic Trends in a Comparative Perspective, Makt- og demokratiutredningens
rapportserie 54.
Oslo: Institute for Social Research
.
2.
Andersen, S.K.
and
Mailand, M.
(2005) `The Danish Flexicurity Model. The Role of the
Collective Bargaining System', FAOS Working Paper,
FAOS , Copenhagen
.
3.
Bingley, P.
and
Westergaard-Nielsen, N.
(2003) Returns to Tenure: Firm and Worker
Heterogeneity.
London: Comparative Analysis of Enterprise
Micro Data Conference Program
.
4.
Blau, F.D.
and
Kahn, L.M.
(2002) At Home and Abroad. U.S. Labor-Market Performance in
International Perspective.
New York: Russell Sage Foundation
.
5.
Cardoso, A.R.
and
Portugal, P.
(2003) `Bargained Wages, Wage Drift and the Design of the
Wage Setting System', IZA Discussion Paper No 914,
IZA, Bonn
.
6.
Checchi, D.
and
Pagani, L.
(2004) `The Effects of Unions on Wage Inequality. The Italian
Case in the Nineties', PIEP Working Paper,
Centre for Economic Performance, London
.
7.
Dell'Aringa, C.
and
Lucifora, C.
(1994a) `
Collective Bargaining and Relative Earnings in Italy
', European Journal of Political Economy10:
727—47
.
8.
Dell'Aringa, C.
and
Lucifora, C.
(1994b) `
Wage Dispersion and Unionism: Do Unions Protect Low Pay?'
, International Journal of Manpower15(2/3):
150—70
.
9.
Dell'Aringa, C.
,
Lucifora, C.
,
Orlando, N.
and
Cottini, E.
(2004) `Bargaining Structure and Intra-Establishment Pay
Inequality in Four European Countries: Evidence from Matched
Employer—Employee Data', PIEP Working Paper,
Centre for Economic Performance , London
.
10.
Dominguez, J.F.C.
and
Rodriguez-Gutiérez, C.
(2004) `
Collective Bargaining and Within-firm Wage Dispersion in Spain'
, British Journal of Industrial Relations42(3):
481—506
.
11.
Eiro
(1997) `The 1997 Labour Reform in Spain: The April
Agreements', available online at:
[http://www.eiro.eurofound.eu.int/1997/06/feature/es9706211f.html ].
12.
European Commission
(2004) Industrial Relations in Europe.
Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of
the European Communities
.
13.
Freeman, R.B.
(1980) `
Unionism and the Dispersion of Wages
', Industrial and Labor Relations Review34(1):
3—23
.
14.
Garcia-Serrano, C.
and
Mallo, M.A.
(2002) `
Worker Turnover, Job Turnover and Collective Bargaining in Spain
', British Journal of Industrial Relations40(1):
69—85
.
15.
Hartog, J.
,
Leuven, E.
and
Teulings, C.
(1997) `Wages and the Bargaining Regime in a Corporatist
Setting: The Netherlands', Discussion Paper No. 1706,
Centre for Economic Policy Research, London
.
16.
Hartog, J.
,
Leuven, E.
and
Teulings, C.
(2002) `
Wages and the Bargaining Regime in a Corporatist Setting: The Netherlands'
, European Journal of Political Economy18:
317—31
.
17.
Hibbs, H.A.
Jr and
Locking, H.
(1996) `
Wage Compression, Wage Drift and Wage Inflation in Sweden'
, Labour Economics3:
109—41
.
18.
Izquierdo, M.
,
Moral, E.
and
Urtasun, A.
(2003) `Collective Bargaining in Spain: An Individual Data
Analysis', Documento Occasional No. 0302,
Banco de Espana, Madrid
.
19.
Juhn, C.
,
Murphy, M.
and
Pierce, B.
(1993) `
Wage Inequality and the Rise in Returns to Skills'
, The Journal of Political Economy101(3):
410—42
.
20.
Lazear, E.P.
and
Rosen, S.
(1981) `
Rank-Order Tournament as Optimum Labor Contracts'
, Journal of Political Economy89:
841—64
.
21.
Oecd
(2004) Employment Outlook .
Paris: OECD
.
22.
Palenzuela, D.R.
and
Jimeno, J.F.
(1996) `
Wage Drift in Collective Bargaining at the Firm Level: Evidence From Spain
', Annales d'Economie et de Statistique41/2:
187—206
.
23.
Plasman, R.
,
Rusinek, M.
and
Rycx, F.
(2006) `Wages and the Bargaining Regime under Multi-Level
Bargaining: Belgium, Denmark and Spain', IZA Discussion Paper No 1990,
IZA, Bonn
.
24.
Rodriguez-Gutiérez, C.
(2001) `
Wage Dispersion Within Firms and Collective Bargaining in Spain'
, Economics Letters72:
381—6
.
25.
Rycx, F.
(2003) `
Industry Wage Differentials and the Bargaining Regime in a Corporatist Country'
, International Journal of Manpower24(4):
347—66
.
Teulings, C.
and
Hartog, J.
(1998) Corporatism or Competition? Labour Contracts,
Institutions and Wage Structures in International Comparison.
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
.
28.
Toharia, L.
(1986) `Un Fordisme Inachevé, entre Transition
Politique et Crise Economique: l'Espagne', in
R. Boyer
(eds) La Flexibilité du Travail en Europe, pp.
131—51.
Paris: La Découverte
.
29.
Traxler, F.
,
Blaschke, S.
and
Kittel, B.
(2001) National Labour Relations in Internationalized
Markets. A Comparative Study of Institutions, Change, and PerformanceNew York: Oxford University Press
.
30.
Van Ruysseveldt, J.
and
Visser, J.
(1996) `Weak Corporatisms Going Different Ways? Industrial
Relations in the Netherlands and Belgium', in
J. Van Ruysseveldt
and
J. Visser
(eds) Industrial Relations in Europe. Traditions and Transitions,
pp. 205—64.
London: Sage
.
31.
Wallerstein, M.
(1999) `
Wage-Setting Institutions and Pay Inequality in Advanced Industrial Societies'
, American Journal of Political Science43(3):
649—80
.
32.
White, H.
(1980) `
A Heteroscedasticity Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator and a Direct
Test for Heteroscedasticity'
, Econometrica48:
817—30
.
