This article is derived from the literature search for a minor thesis for an M. Lib. (Monash University, 1980). Whereas the thesis was concerned with library service to tertiary students taking courses by external study for academic awards, this article expands the literature review to include the adult independent learner. It outlines the problems of the off-campus and independent learner and attempts to review literature to 1981 of the UK, North America and Australasia concerning library services to this user group, together with relevant use studies. Additional topics included are library user education, and the expectations of academics concerning library use by their off-campus students.
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