Lupus nephritis constitutes the major cause of morbidity and mortality in SLE. The long-term outcome of renal transplantation in lupus patients remains controversial, and the recurrence of lupus activity is a major concern. This study aims to determine the long-term outcome of renal transplantation in Chinese lupus patients and the evolution of lupus activity. A total of 23 lupus patients undergoing renal transplantation were enrolled and compared with 94 matched controls. The overall patient and graft survival rates at 10 years post-transplant in lupus group were not different from the control group (95.2% and 57.7% vs. 90.7% and 66.3%). Recurrence of lupus nephritis in renal allograft and flare-ups of lupus activity were not observed in this study. The SLE group had less acute rejection than the control group (20.4% vs. 29.8%, P < 0.05). The infection rate between the two groups was similar (39.1% vs. 51.1%, P = 0.427), although SLE group had a significantly higher rate of developing avascular necrosis (17.4% vs. 2.1%, P = 0.04). In conclusion, patient and graft survival rates and other major complications in Chinese lupus patients are comparable to non-lupus transplant recipients caused by other diseases. Chinese patients with SLE are suitable candidates for renal transplantation.
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