Nineteen different antisera raised against mammalian hormones were used to identify the occurrence and distribution of endocrine cells in the gut of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). Positive reactions were obtained in gut epithelium with antisera gastrin, glucagon, gastric inhibitory peptide, leucine enkephalin, substance P, and bovine pancreatic polypeptide. No immunoreactive product was formed using antisera against somatostatin, 5-hydroxy-tryptamine, insulin, avian pancreatic polypeptide, motilin, cholecystokinin, secretin, neurotensin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, bombesin, neuron-specific enolase, prochymosin, and pepsinogen. The exact distribution mapping of six kinds of immunoreactive endocrine cells throughout the gut of grass carp (C. idellus) is presented. The morphological characteristics of immunoreactive endocrine cells is described. Their distribution characteristics and possible modes of secretion and function are discussed. Finally, the possible relationship between the transplantation of these cells in the gastro-entero-pancreatic endocrine system is discussed.
BuchanA.M.J.; PolakJ.M.The classification of the human gastroenteropancreatic endocrine cells.Invest. Cell Pathol.3: 5171; 1980.
2.
BuffaR.; SolciaE.; FioccaR.; CrivelliO.; PeraA.Complement-mediated binding of immunoglobulins to some endocrine cells of the pancreas and gut.J. Histochem. Cytochem.27: 12791280; 1979.
3.
CalingasanN.Y.; KitamuraN.; YamadaJ.; OomoriY.; YamashitaT.Immunocytochemical study of the gastroenteropancreatic endocrine cells of the sheep.Acta Anat.118: 171180; 1984.
4.
FangZ.P.; YamadaJ.; PanQ.S.Immunohistochemical identification and localization of endocrine cells in the intestinal mucosa of common carp and black carp.Acta Hydrobiol. Sinica15: 212219; 1991.
5.
GribD.; WeberE.Immunoreactivities of gastrin(G-) cells. I. Dilution-dependent staining of G cells by antisera and nonimmune sera.Histochem.65: 223237; 1980.
6.
HolmgrenS.; VaillantC.; DimalineR.VIP-, substance P-, gastrin/CCK-, bombesin-, somatostatin- and glucagon-like immunoreactivities in the gut of the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri.Cell Tissue Res.223: 141153; 1982.
7.
KitamuraN.; YamadaJ.; CalingasanN.Y.; YamashitaT.Immunochtochemical distribution of endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the horse.Equine Vet. J.16: 103107; 1984.
8.
KitamuraN.; YamadaJ.; CalingasanN.Y.; YamashitaT.Histologic and immunocytochemical study of endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the cow and calf.Am. J. Vet. Res.46: 13811386; 1985.
9.
LangerM.; Van NoordenS.; PolakJ.M.; PearseA.G.E.Peptide hormone-like immunoreactivity in the gastrointestinal tract and endocrine pancreas of eleven teleost species.Cell Tissue Res.199: 493508; 1979.
10.
LarssonL.I.; PolakJ.M.; BuffaR.; SundlerF.; SolciaE.On the immunocytochemical localization of the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide.J. Histochem. Cytochem.27: 936938; 1979.
11.
LiuX.M.The survey of pancreatic island transplantation.External Med. Sci. Endocrinol. Vol.4: 130133; 1984.
12.
NieD.S.; HongS.F.The histology of the digestive tract of the grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus. Acta Hydrobiol.Sinica3: 125; 1964.
13.
Noaillac-DepeyreJ.; HollandeE.Evidence of somatostatin, gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide-like substances in the mucosa cells of the gut in fishes with and without stomach.Cell Tissue Res.216: 193203; 1981.
14.
NoordenS.Van; Polak, J.M. Hormones of the alimentary tract. In: BarringtonE.J.W., ed. Hormones and evolution.New York: Academic Press;1980: 791828.
15.
PanQ.S.; FangZ.P.The immunohistochemical localization and comparison of gastrin-immunoreactive cells in the intestinal tract of four carps species.J. Huazhong Agric. Univ.7: 237242; 1988.
16.
PanQ.S.; FangZ.P.The progress about the studies of endocrine cells in gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) system of fishes.J. Huazhong Agric. Univ.7: 384389; 1988.
17.
PanQ.S.; FangZ.P.Preliminary study of endocrine cells in the gut of three cyprinid fishes.Acta Hydrobiol. Sinica13: 348352; 1989.
18.
PanQ.S.; FangZ.P.; LiaoR.L.Study on glucagon-immunoreactive endocrine cells in the gut of four cyprinid fishes.Acta Hydrobiol. Sinica15: 5762; 1991.
19.
PolakJ.M.; BloomS.E.Neural and cellular origin of gastrointestinal hormonal peptides in health and disease. In: Jerzy GlassG.B., ed. Gastrointestinal hormones.New York: Raven Press;1980: 1951.
20.
QuZ.C.; HuangS.Use of brain transplants to study reproductive neuroendocrine mechanisms.Prog. Physiol. Sci.19: 1721; 1988.
21.
ReifelC.W.; LindenR.D.Endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tracts of 3 teleostean species.Anat. Anz. Jena154: 413418; 1983.
22.
ReineckeM.Immunohistochemical localization of polypeptide hormones in endocrine cells of the digestive tract of Branchiostoma lanceloatum.Cell Tissue Res.219: 445456; 1981.
23.
ReineckeM.; AlmasanK.; CarrawayR.E.; HelmstaedterV.; ForssmannW.G.Distribution patterns of neurotensin-like immunoreactive cells in the gastro-intestinal tract of higher vertebrates.Cell Tissue Res.205: 383395; 1980.
24.
ReineckeM.; CarrawayR.E.; FalkmerS.; FeurleG.E.; ForssmannW.G.Occurrence of neurotensin-immunoreactive cells in the digestive tract of lower vertebrates and deuterostomian invertebrates. A correlated immunohistochemical and radioimmunochemical study.Cell Tissue Res.212: 173183; 1980.
25.
RomboutJ.H.W.M.Enteroendocrine cells in the digestive tract of Barbus conchonius (Teleostei, Cyprinidae).Cell Tissue Res.185: 435450; 1977.
26.
RomboutJ.H.W.M.; Taverne-ThieleJ.J.An immunocytochemical and electronmicroscopical study of endocrine cells in the gut and pancreas of a stomachless teleost fish, Barbus conchonius (Cyprinidae).Cell Tissue Res.227: 577593; 1982.
27.
RomboutJ.H.W.M.; ReineckeM.Immunohistochemical localization of (neuro-)peptide hormones in endocrine cells and nerves of the gut of a stomachless teleost fish, Barbus conchonius (Cyprinidae).Cell Tissue Res.237: 5765; 1984.
28.
RomboutJ.H.W.M.Function and origin of endocrine cells in gut and pancreas of teleost.Acta Mecr.8: 329335; 1985.
29.
RomboutJ.H.W.M.; Grinter van derC.P.M.; Peeze BinkhorstF.M.; Taverne-ThieleJ.J.; SchooneveldH.Immunocytochemical identification and localization of peptide hormones in the gastro-enteropancreatic(GEP) endocrine system of the mouse and a stomachless fish, Barbus conchonius.Histochem.84: 471483; 1986.
30.
SolciaE.; CapellaC.; BuffaR.; FrigerioB.; UselliniL.; FioccaR.Morphological and functional classification of endocrine cells and related growth in the gastrointestinal tract. In: Jerzy GlassG.B., ed. Gastrointestinal hormones.New York: Raven Press;1980: 117.
31.
SternbergerL.A.Immunohistochemistry, second ed.New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1979: 104169.
32.
WangX.C.Advances in studying the brain peptides.Prog. Physiol. Sci.19: 150154; 1988.
33.
YamadaJ.; KitamuraN.; YamashitaT.The relative frequency and topographical distribution of somatostatin-, GRP-, APP-, Glucagon-, 5-HT-, and Neurotensin-immunoreactive cells in the proventriculus of seven species of birds.Arch. Histol. Jap.48: 305314; 1985.
34.
YoshidaK.; IwanagaT.; FujitaT.Gastro-Entero-Pancreatic(GEP) endocrine system of the flatfish, Paralichtys olivaceus: An immunocytochemical study.Arch. Histol. Jap.46: 259266; 1983.
