The United Nations in a Changing World

1 Mikhail Gorbachev, `Address to the UN General Assembly', Soviet News, vol. 6455, 14 December 1988, p. 459.

2 See Paul Taylor and A.J.R. Groom, `The United Nations and the Gulf War, 1990-91: Back to the Future?' Discussion Paper No. 38 (London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1992).

3 Ramesh Thakur, `International Peacekeeping', pp. 175-196, in R. Thakur, ed., International Conflict Resolution (Boulder, CO and Dunedin, New Zealand: Westview and University of Otago Press, 1988).

4 UN Chronicle, December 1988, pp. 6-8.

5 These figures for 1948-1992 are drawn from a UN fact-sheet supplied to the author by the New Zealand Ministry of External Relations and Trade.

6 Eric Chauvistré, `The Implications of IAEA Inspections under Security Council Resolution 687' Research Paper No. 11 (New York: United Nations, UNIDIR, 1992).

7 See K. J. Holsti, `Paths to Peace? Theories of Conflict Resolution and Realities of International Politics', pp. 105-132 in Ramesh Thakur, ed., International Conflict Resolution; and H. K. Jacobsen, Networks of Interdependence (New York: Knopf, 1979).

8 Ramesh Thakur, `Non-Intervention in International Relations: A Case Study', Political Science, vol. 42, 1990, no. 1, p. 29.

9 Jack Donnelly, `Human Rights at the United Nations 1955-85: The Question of Bias', International Studies Quarterly, vol. 32, 1988, no. 3, pp. 275-303.

10 Peter Wilenski, `Reforming the United Nations for the Post-Cold War Era', pp. 123-124 in Mara Bustello and Philip Alston, eds, Whose New World Order? (Sydney: Federation Press, 1991).

11 Ramesh Thakur, `A Dispute of Many Colours: France, New Zealand and the “Rainbow Warrior” Affair', The World Today, vol. 42, 1986, no. 12, p. 211.

12 Brian Urquhart and Erskine Childers, A World in Need of Leadership: Tomorrow's United Nations (Uppsala: Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation, 1990), p. 18.

13 Ibid.

14 Dan Ciobanu, `The Power of the Security Council to Organize Peacekeeping Operations',p. 24 in A. Cassese, ed., United Nations Peace-keeping: Legal Essays (Alphen aan den Rijn: Sijthoff and Noordhoff, 1978).

15 Boutros-Ghali, An Agenda for Peace: Preventive Diplomacy. Peacemaking and Peace-keeping (New York: United Nations, 1992).

16 Boutros-Ghali, par. 47.

17 Boutros-Ghali, par.73.

18 Economist, 26 September 1992, p. 37.

19 Boutros-Ghali, An Agenda for Peace, pars. 42-43.

20 Boutros-Ghali, par. 44.

21 Boutros-Ghali, pars. 28-32.

22 Ramesh Thakur, International Peacekeeping in Lebanon: United Nations Authority and Multinational Force (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1987), pp. 230-231.

23 Andrei Kozyrev and Gennadi Gatilov, `The UN Peace-Making System: Problems and Prospects', International Affairs (Moscow), 1990, no. 12, p. 81.

24 See Anthony McDermott and Kjell Skjelsbaek, eds, The Multinational Force in Beirut, 1982-1984 (Miami, FL: Florida International University Press, 1991).

25 Otago Daily Times (Dunedin, New Zealand), 3 August 1992.

26 Quoted in Brian Urquhart, A Life in Peace and War (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1987), p. 378.

27 Boutros-Ghali, An Agenda for Peace, pars. 55-59.