Sodium montmorillonite was functionalised by isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and organic montmorillonite was functionalised by hydrogenated diphenylmethane diisocyanate (HMDI). Reaction between montmorillonite (MMT) and IPDI/HMDI caused the interlayer space of MMT to increase from 1.41 nm to 1.95 nm and 2.08 nm to 2.42 nm, respectively, and the resulting grafted –NCO groups led to a suitable reactive modifier. In order to improve the high-temperature performance and UV aging resistance of the asphalt binder, asphalt modification was carried out by chemical reaction between –NCO groups and some polar groups (mainly –OH) of asphalt. The results showed that the interlayer space enlarged and exfoliated structure was formed due to the introduction of functionalised MMT (IPDI-HMMT-85 or HMDI-OMMT-80) into the asphalt. The as-prepared IPDI-HMMT-85 and HMDI-OMMT-80 modified asphalts, with a maximum softening point of 57.0 °C and 62.2 °C, initial decomposition temperature of 363 °C and 374 °C, respectively, possessed good storage stability, and were superior to Na-MMT modified asphalt and OMMT modified asphalt in terms of high temperature and UV aging properties.
PolaccoG., StastnaJ., BiondiD.Relation between polymer architecture and nonlinear viscoelastic behavior of modified asphalts. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, 11 (2006), 230–245.
KalantarZ.N., KarimM.R., MahrezA.A review of using waste and virgin polymer in pavement. Construction and Building Materials, 33 (2012), 55–62.
4.
ZhuJ.Q., BirgissonB., KringosN.Polymer modification of bitumen: advances and challenges. European Polymer Journal, 54 (2014), 18–38.
5.
YouZ.P., Mills-BealeJ., FoleyJ.M.Nanoclay-modified asphalt materials: preparation and characterization. Construction and Building Materials, 25 (2011), 1072–1078.
6.
FangC.Q., YuR.E., LiuS.L.Nanomaterials applied in asphalt modification: a review. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 29 (2013), 589–594.
7.
YangJ., TigheS.A review of advances of Nanotechnology in asphalt mixtures. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 96 (2013), 1269–1276.
8.
FangC.Q., YuR.E., LiY.Preparation and characterization of an asphalt-modifying agent with waste packaging polyethylene and organic montmorillonite. Polymer Testing, 32 (2013), 953–960.
9.
GolestaniB., NamB.H., NejadF.M.Nanoclay application to asphalt concrete: characterization of polymer and linear nanocomposite-modified asphalt binder and mixture. Construction and Building Materials, 91 (2015), 32–38.
10.
El-ShafieM., IbrahimI.M., Abd El RahmanA.M.M.The addition effects of macro and nano clay on the performance of asphalt binder. Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 21 (2012), 149–154.
11.
YuJ.Y., FengP.C., ZhangH.L.Effect of organo-montmorillonite on aging properties of asphalt. Construction and Building Materials, 23 (2009), 2636–2640.
12.
Zare-ShahabadiA., ShokuhfarA., Ebrahimi-NejadS.Preparation and rheological characterization of asphalt binders reinforced with layered silicate nanoparticles. Construction and Building Materials, 24 (2010), 1239–1244.
13.
ZhangH.L., ShiC.J., HanJ.Effect of organic layered silicates on flame retardancy and aging properties of bitumen. Construction and Building Materials, 40 (2013), 1151–1155.
14.
CuadriA.A., García-MoralesM., NavarroF.J.Isocyanate-functionalized castor oil as a novel bitumen modifier. Chemical Engineering Science, 97 (2013), 320–327.
15.
CuadriA.A., PartalP., NavarroF.J.Bitumen chemical modification by thiourea dioxide. Fuel, 90 (2011), 2294–2300.
16.
CuadriA.A., García-MoralesM., NavarroF.J.Enhancing the viscoelastic properties of bituminous binders via thiourea-modification. Fuel, 97 (2012), 862–868.
17.
CarreraV., PartalP., García-MoralesM.Influence of bitumen colloidal nature on the design of isocyanate-based bituminous products with enhanced rheological properties. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 48 (2009), 8464–8470.
18.
CarreraV., PartalP., Garcia-MoralesM.Effect of processing on the rheological properties of polyurethane/urea bituminous products. Fuel Processing Technology, 91 (2010), 1139–1145.
19.
CarreraV., CuadriA.A., García-MoralesM.Influence of the prepolymer molecular weight and free isocyanate content on the rheology of polyurethane modified bitumens. European Polymer Journal, 57 (2014), 151–159.
20.
CuadriA.A., García-MoralesM., NavarroF.J.Effect of transesterification degree and post-treatment on the in-service performance of NCO-functionalized vegetable oil bituminous products. Chemical Engineering Science, 111 (2014), 126–134.
21.
Martín-AlfonsoM.J., PartalP., NavarroF.J.Use of a MDI-functionalized reactive polymer for the manufacture of modified bitumen with enhanced properties for roofing applications. European Polymer Journal, 44 (2008), 1451–1461.
22.
CuadriA.A., NavarroF.J., García-MoralesM.Valorization of phosphogypsum waste as asphaltic bitumen modifier. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 279 (2014), 11–16.
23.
YinJ.M., WangS.Y., and LvF.R.Improving the short-term aging resistance of asphalt by addition of crumb rubber radiated by microwave and impregnated in epoxidized soybean oil. Construction and Building Materials, 49 (2013), 712–719.
24.
CuadriA.A., CarreraV., IzquierdoM.A.Bitumen modifiers for reduced temperature asphalts: a comparative analysis between three polymeric and non-polymeric additives. Construction and Building Materials, 51 (2014), 82–88.
25.
FangC.Q., YuX., YuR.E.Preparation and properties of isocyanate and nano particles composite modified asphalt. Construction and Building Materials, 119 (2016), 113–118.
26.
SinghB., TarannumH., GuptaM.Use of isocyanate production waste in the preparation of improved waterproofing bitumen. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 90 (2003), 1365–1377.
27.
NiP., WangQ.L., LiJ.Novel polyether polyurethane/ clay nanocomposites synthesized with organically modified montmorillonite as chain extenders. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 99 (2006), 6–13.
28.
QiaoM., WuS.S., RanQ.P.Preparation and properties of PU/MCMMT nanocomposites. Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 21 (2010), 296–299.
29.
LvS.C., ZhouW., LiS.A novel method for preparation of exfoliated UV-curable polymer/clay nanocomposites. European Polymer Journal, 44 (2008), 1613–1619.
30.
FuH.Q., LiuK., YanC.B.Phase morphology and mechanical properties of aliphatic waterborne polyurethane-ureas: effect of 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) / isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) ratio. Polymers & Polymer Composites, 23 (2015), 141–150.
31.
QiuF.X., ZhangJ.L., WuD.M.Preparation, characterisation and mechanical properties of environmentally friendly waterborne polyurethane and polyurethane-acrylate. Polymers & Polymer Composites, 17 (2009), 521–527.
32.
KozakM., DomkaL.Adsorption of the quaternary ammonium salts on montmorillonite. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 65 (2004), 441–445.
33.
XieW., GaoZ., PanW.P.Thermal degradation chemistry of alkyl quaternary ammonium montmorillonite. Chemistry of Materials, 13 (2001), 2979–2990.
34.
Cervantes-ucJ.M., Cauich-RodriguezJ.V., Vazquez-TorresThermal degradation of commercially available organoclays studied by TGA-FTIR. Thermochimica Acta, 457 (2007), 92–102.
35.
DurrieuF., FarcasF., MouilletV.The influence of UV aging of a styrene/butadiene/styrene modified bitumen: comparison between laboratory and on site aging. Fuel, 86 (2007), 1446–1451.
36.
NaskarM., ReddyK., ChakiT.Effect of ageing on different modified bituminous binders: comparison between RTFOT and radiation ageing. Materials and Structures, 46 (2013), 1227–1241.
37.
XiaoF.P., NewtonD., PutmanB.A long-term ultraviolet aging procedure on foamed WMA mixtures. Materials and Structures, 46 (2013), 1987–2001.
38.
FengZ.G., YuJ.Y., ZhangH.L.Effect of ultraviolet aging on rheology, chemistry and morphology of ultraviolet absorber modified bitumen. Materials and Structures, 46 (2013), 1123–1132.
39.
ZengW.B., WuS.P., WenJ.The temperature effects in aging index of asphalt during UV aging process. Construction and Building Materials, 93 (2015), 1125–1131.
