The advent of Industry 4.0 in the automotive sector has transformed the work environment, emphasising a technology-driven and digitised landscape. This has led to uncertainties regarding the skills required for future jobs. A qualitative exploration was undertaken through in-depth interviews with 44 industry respondents, employing a case study design. Thematic analysis was utilised for data analysis. The research reveals an amplified demand for human skills, emphasising traits such as empathy, problem-solving, communication, collaboration, resilience, quick decision-making, critical thinking and adaptability. The study found that integrating technology has further elevated the demand for human skills, highlighting their importance in the Indian automotive industry.
Accenture. (2021). The automotive experience reimagined. https://www.accenture.com/content/dam/accenture/final/a-com-migration/r3-3/pdf/pdf-161/accenture-automotive-experience-reimagined-full-report.pdf#zoom=40
3.
AliN., Mohamed IsaZ., Abu BakarS., Ahmad JaliF. A., & ShaharruddinS. (2022). Industrial revolution (IR) 4.0: Opportunities and challenges in online business. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2022082085
4.
AlonsoI. (2020). Development of digital literacy in adult English language learners: A case study. University of Phoenix.
5.
ArditoL., PetruzzelliA. M., PannielloU., & GaravelliA. C. (2019). Towards Industry 4.0: Mapping digital technologies for supply chain management-marketing integration. https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-04-2017-0088
6.
ARM Automotive. (n.d.). How will the fourth industrial revolution change jobs in the automotive industry?ARM.
7.
ASDC & EY. (n.d.). Skill requirements in automotive sector. https://skillsip.nsdcindia.org/sites/default/files/kps-document/skillreqinautomotivesector.pdf
8.
ASDC & Skill India. (2022). Partners Forum 2022 event report. https://www.asdc.org.in/files/Partners-Forum-2022-Event-Report.pdf
9.
Auto Training Centre. (2022, December8). 5 soft skills to gain from online automotive training to add to your CV. https://www.autotrainingcentre.com/blog/5-soft-skills-gain-online-automotive-training-add-cv/
10.
Automotive Skills Development Council & EY. (n.d.). Skill requirements in automotive sector. https://skillsip.nsdcindia.org/sites/default/files/kps-document/skillreqinautomotivesector.pdf
11.
AwanU., SroufeR., & BozanK. (2022). Designing value chains for industry 4.0 and a circular economy: A review of the literature. Sustainability, 14(12), 7084. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14127084
Bain & Company. (2020). Changing gears in a transforming world: 2020 automotive industry trends. https://www.bain.com/contentassets/b9b584a6ffa942e093cba1eaf2b2d916/changing_gears_2020_download.pdf
14.
BajpaiY. H., TandonA., & SinhaA. (2021).The future of work in the automotive sector in India. Centre for Internet and Society. https://editors.cis-india.org/internet-governance/future-of-work-in-automotive-sector.pdf
15.
BarbosaG. F., ShikiS. B., & da SilvaI. B. (2020). R&D roadmap for process robotization driven to the digital transformation of the industry 4.0. Concurrent Engineering, 28(4), 290–304. https://doi.org/10.1177/1063293X20958927.
16.
BasuP. S. (2019). Structured skill development in Indian automotive industry: A CSR endeavor toward enhancing employability. Journal of Organisation & Human Behaviour, 8 (2-3), 56–66.
17.
BeckerG. (1993). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education. Chicago University Press.
BhatT. P. (2020). India and industry 4.0. a paper prepared as part of the research programme industrial, trade and investment policies: Pathways to industrialization. Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR). https://isid.org.in/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/WP218.pdf
20.
BhatiaM. S., & KumarS. (2022). Critical success factors of industry 4.0 in automotive manufacturing industry. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 69(5), 2439–2453. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2020.3017004
21.
BorboniA., ReddyK. V. V., ElamvazuthiI., AL-QuraishiM. S., NatarajanE., & Azhar AliS. S. (2023). The expanding role of artificial intelligence in collaborative robots for industrial applications: A systematic review of recent works. Machines, 11(1), 111. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines11010111
22.
BoyatzisR. E. (1998). Transforming qualitative information: Thematic analysis and code development. Sage Publications.
23.
BradshawC., AtkinsonS., & DoodyO. (2017). Employing a qualitative Description approach in health care research. Global qualitative nursing research:https://doi.org/10.1177/2333393617742282
24.
BraunV., & ClarkeV. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
25.
BuerS. V., StrandhagenJ. O., & ChanF. T. (2018). The link between industry 4.0 and lean manufacturing: Mapping current research and establishing a research agenda. International Journal of Production Research, 56(8), 2924–2940. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2018.1442945
26.
Capgemini. (2020). How automotive organisations can maximise the smart factory potential. https://www.capgemini.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Report-%E2%80%93-Auto-Smart-Factories.pdf
27.
Capgemini Research Institute. (2022). The human advantage in the age of artificial intelligence: Why human skills are still critical in an AI-driven world. Capgemini.
28.
CastrillonC. (2022). Why soft skills are more in demand than ever. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/carolinecastrillon/2022/09/18/why-soft-skills-are-more-in-demand-than-ever/?sh=72fc12dd5c6f
29.
ChenoyD., GhoshS. M., & ShuklaS. K. (2019). Skill development for accelerating the manufacturing sector: The role of ‘new-age’ skills for ‘Make in India’. International Journal of Training Research, 112–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/14480220.2019.1639294
30.
Chopra-McGowanA. (2019). How companies and governments can advance employee education. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2019/09/how-companies-and-governments-can-advance-employee-education
31.
ClarkeV., & BraunV. (2013). Teaching thematic analysis: Overcoming challenges and developing strategies for effective learning. The Psychologist, 26(2), 120–123. http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/21155
32.
CopeD. G. (2013). Methods and meanings: Credibility and trustworthiness of qualitative research. Oncology Nursing Forum, 41(1), 89–91. https://doi.org/10.1188/14.ONF.89-91
33.
CreswellJ. W., & PothC. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). Sage.
34.
da SilvaL. B. P., SoltovskiR., PontesJ., TreintaF. T., LeitãoP., MosconiE., de ResendeL. M. M., & YoshinoR. T. (2022). Human resources management 4.0: Literature review and trends. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 168, 108111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2022.108111
35.
Deloitte. (2017). Navigating the future of work can we point business, workers, and social institutions in the same direction?https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/gt/Documents/human-capital/Future-of-work.PDF
36.
Deloitte. (2018). The fourth industrial revolution is here: Are you ready?https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/tr/Documents/manufacturing/Industry4-0_Are-you-ready_Report.pdf
37.
Deloitte. (2020). Industry 4.0 readiness report: Industry 4.0: At the intersection of readiness and responsibility. Deloitte Development LLC. https://www2.deloitte.com/za/en/pages/about-deloitte/articles/industry-4-0-readiness-report.html#
38.
Deloitte Insights. (2019). 2019 Global human capital trends. https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/insights/us/articles/5136_HC-Trends-2019/DI_HC-Trends-2019.pdf.
39.
DePoyE., & GitlinL. N. (2016). Introduction to research (5th ed.) https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-26171-5.00012-4
40.
DhesiM. (2019). A qualitative study to investigate in what ways are the distinctive features of synchronous text-based counselling experienced as being helpful and/or unhelpful by young people?Doctoral thesis.
41.
DjougganeF., AitoucheS., & AksaK. (2020). Analysis of human skills in industry 4.0. Electronic Knowledge, 16(1), 15–22.
42.
ErolS., JägerA., HoldP., OttK., & SihnW. (2016). Tangible industry 4.0: A scenario-based approach to learning for the future of production. Procedia CIRP, 54, 13–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2016.03.162
43.
Escamilla VielmaR. D., Segovia-RomoA., & López PérezJ. F. (2022). Soft skills in customer service: Sales area in automobile dealers. http://www.cya.unam.mx/index.php/cya/article/view/3172
44.
FadhilaD., AitoucheS., & AksaK. (2020). Analysis of human skills in industry 4.0. In the Twelfth International Conference on information, process, and knowledge management (pp. 24–29).
45.
FauzdarC., GuptaN., GoswamiM., & KumarR. (2021). MICMAC analysis of industry 4.0 in Indian automobile industry. Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 80(8), 491–497. https://doi.org/10.56042/jsir.v81i08.61847
46.
FerryK. (2022). Future of work: Trends and insights. https://focus.kornferry.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/FOW_TrendsReport_2022.pdf
47.
FICCI, NASSCOM, EY. (2017). Future of jobs in India: A 2022 perspective. https://ficci.in/spdocument/22951/FICCI-NASSCOM-EY-Report_Future-of-Jobs.pdf
48.
FirmansyahA., Soeharto. (2020) Implementation of soft skills on Automotive engineering practicum of state vocational high schools in West Lombok Regency. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpv.v10i2.30594
49.
FitsilisP., TsoutsaP., & GerogiannisV. (2018). Industry 4.0: Required personnel competences. Industry 4.0, 3(3), 130–133.
50.
GalabovaL., & McKieL. (2013). ‘The five fingers of my hand’: Human capital and well-being in SMEs. Personnel Review, 42(6), 662–683.
51.
GallardoA. U. (n.d.). Significance of high human skills in the success of an organization. Atlantis Press. https://www.atlantis-press.com/article/125933220.pdf
52.
GautamV. (2018). Experiments in corporate innovation: Encounters and learnings. Abhigyan, 36(1), 33–47.
53.
GersteinM., & FriedmanH. H. (2016). Rethinking higher education: Focusing on skills and competencies. Psychosociological Issues in Human Resource Management, 4(2), 104–121.
54.
GhobakhlooM. (2020). Industry 4.0, digitization, and opportunities for sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production, 252, 119869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119869
55.
GhoshR. K., BoseI., & MukherjeeA. (2022). Intelligent IoT for automotive industry 4.0: Challenges, opportunities, and future trends. In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Advances in Artificial Intelligence and Emerging Technologies in Engineering (ICAEETE 2021) (pp. 287–299). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81473-1_16
56.
GillhamB. (2010). Case study research methods. Bloomsbury Publishing. https://books.google.ch/books/about/Case_Study_Research_Methods.html?id=F0gSBwAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y
57.
GolemanD. (2014). The brain and emotional intelligence: New insights. https://www.nwmissouri.edu/academics/pdf/rbr/2014.pdf#page=99
58.
Grant Thornton & Confederation of Indian Industry. (2017). India’s readiness for industry 4.0: A focus on automotive sector. https://www.gita.org.in/Attachments/Reports/India%E2%80%99s%20Readiness%20for%20Industry%204.0.pdf
59.
GuptaS. (2021). Integrating entrepreneurship & innovation in higher education. Outlook Money. https://www.outlookmoney.com/career/integrating-entrepreneurship-innovation-in-higher-education-8233
60.
HakkakM., NawaserK., Vafaei-ZadehA., & HanifahH. (2021). Determination of optimal leadership styles through knowledge management: A case from the automotive industry. International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, 18(04), 2150012.
61.
HenkeJ. B., JonesS. K., & O’NeillT. A. (2022). Skills and abilities to thrive in remote work: What have we learned. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.893895
62.
HermannM., PentekT., & OttoB. (2016January). Design principles for industrie 4.0 scenarios. In 49th Hawaii international conference on system sciences (HICSS) (pp. 3928–3937). IEEE.
63.
Hernandez-de-MenendezM., Morales-MenendezR., EscobarC. A., & McGovernM. (2020). Competencies for industry 4.0. International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing, 14, 1207–1223. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12008-020-00716-2.
64.
IBSA Manufacturing. (2017). Preparing for industry 4.0: Will digital skills be enough. https://ibsa.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/IBSA-Manufacturing-Preparing-for-Industry-4-will-digital-skills-be-enough.pdf
65.
India Skills Report. (2023). https://do3n1uzkew47z.cloudfront.net/siteassets/pdf/ISR_Report_2023.pdf
66.
International Labour Organization (ILO). (2021a). The future of work in the automotive industry: The need to invest in people’s capabilities and decent and sustainable work. Issues paper for the technical meeting on the future of work in the automotive industry (Geneva, 15–19 February 2021). https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—ed_dialogue/—sector/documents/meetingdocument/wcms_741659.pdf
67.
International Labour Organization (ILO). (2021b). Shaping skills and lifelong learning for the future of work: International Labour Conference 109th Session, 2021. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—ed_norm/—relconf/documents/meetingdocument/wcms_813696.pdf
68.
KagermannH., WahlsterW., & HelbigJ. (2013). Securing the future of German manufacturing industry recommendations for implementing the strategic initiative industrie 4.0. Final report of the Industrie 4.0 Working Group.
69.
KambleS. S., GunasekaranA., & SharmaR. (2021). Analysis of the driving and dependence power of barriers to adopt industry 4.0 in Indian manufacturing industry. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 59, 317–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2018.06.004
70.
KhanM. T. (2014). Effects of education and training on human capital-and effects of human capital on economic activity: A literature-based research. International Journal of Information, Business and Management, 6(3), 90.
71.
KhanN. A., & ChauhanC. P. (2015). Automotive industry predicted to reach $300 billion by 2026, create 65 million more jobs. https://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/automotive-industry-predicted-to-reach-300-billion-by-2026-create-65-million-more-jobs/48780027?redire
72.
KimJ., & ParkC.-Y. (2020). Lifelong learning in the era of technological revolution. ADB Economics Working Paper Series No. 606.
73.
KomivesC. (2020). Indian engineering education needs a reboot. Journal of Engineering Education Transformations, 33(3) 2394–1707. https://sciresol.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/srs-j/jeet/pdf/volume33/issue3/JEET744.pdf
74.
KoplinJ., SeuringS., & MesterharmM. (2007). Incorporating sustainability into supply management in the automotive industry: The case of the Volkswagen AG. Journal of Cleaner Production, 15(11-12), 1053–1062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2006.05.024
75.
KozlovskyY., OpachkoM., TsiuprykA., & SavkaI. (2022). Integration of students’ soft and hard skills in automotive vocational and technical schools. The New Educational Review, 68, 209–219.
76.
KPMG. (2018). Who is steering? How technology is reshaping the automotive industry. https://assets.kpmg/content/dam/kpmg/ca/pdf/2018/06/technology-reshaping-the-automotive-industry-final.pdf
77.
KPMG & NSDC. (2013–2017, 2017–2022). Human Resources and skill requirements in the auto and auto components sector. https://skillsip.nsdcindia.org/sites/default/files/kps-document/Auto-and-Auto-Components.pdf
78.
LewisA. (2022, July8). Soft skills training. Harvard Business Publishing. https://www.harvardbusiness.org/5-key-human-skills-to-thrive-in-the-future-digital-workplace/
79.
LinD., LeeC. K. M., LauH., & YangY. (2018). Strategic response to Industry 4.0: An empirical investigation on the Chinese automotive industry. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 118(3), 589–605. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-09-2017-0403
80.
MacherG., DiwoldK., VeledarO., ArmengaudE., & RömerK. (2019). The quest for infrastructures and engineering methods enabling highly dynamic autonomous systems. Communications in Computer and Information Science, 15–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28005-5_2
81.
MalikG., & VenkatramanA. (2017). ‘The great divide’: Skill gap between the employer’s expectations and skills possessed by employees. Industrial and Commercial Training, 49(4), 175–182. https://doi.org/10.1108/ict-11-2016-007110.1108
82.
ManavalanE., & JayakrishnaK. (2018). A review of internet of things (IoT) embedded sustainable supply chain for industry 4.0 requirements. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 127, 925–953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2018.11.030
83.
MarrB. (n.d.). Why collaboration and communication are vital skills for a successful career. LinkedIn. https://www-linkedin-com-s.web.bisu.edu.cn/pulse/why-collaboration-communication-vital-skills-successful-bernard-marr/
84.
MAXDigital Dealership Process and Salesperson Turnover Survey. (2018). Salesperson turnover causing dealers to rethink sales strategy. MAXDigital-Turnover-Whitepaper-web-2018.pdf
85.
McKinsey & Company. (2017). Jobs lost, jobs gained: What the future of work will mean for jobs, skills, and wageshttps://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/future-of-work/jobs-lost-jobs-gained-what-the-future-of-work-will-mean-for-jobs-skills-and-wages
86.
McKinsey & Company. (2018). Skill shift: Automation and the future of the workforce. McKinsey Global Institute. https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/future-of-work/skill-shift-automation-and-the-future-of-the-workforce
87.
McKinsey & Company. (2020). The present-focused, future-ready R&D organization.
88.
McKinsey & Company. (2022). The top trends in tech 2022. https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/business%20functions/mckinsey%20digital/our%20insights/the%20top%20trends%20in%20tech%202022/mckinsey-tech-trends-outlook-2022-full-report.pdf
89.
McKinsey Global Institute. (2018). Jobs lost, jobs gained: What the future of work will mean for jobs, skills, and wages. November 28, 2017. https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/future-of-work/jobs-lost-jobs-gained-what-the-future-of-work-will-mean-for-jobs-skills-and-wages
90.
McKinsey & Company & ACMA (2018). The auto component industry in India: Preparing for the future. https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/featured%20insights/asia%20pacific/the%20auto%20component%20industry%20in%20india%20preparing%20for%20the%20future/acma%20vertical_onscreen_final.ashx
91.
McKinsey & Company. (2021April30). Building workforce skills at scale to thrive during—and after—the COVID-19 crisis. https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/people-and-organizational-performance/our-insights/building-workforce-skills-at-scale-to-thrive-during-and-after-the-covid-19-crisis
92.
MerriamS. B., & TisdellE. J. (2016). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation (4th ed.). Jossey Bass. https://www.scirp.org/(S(lz5mqp453edsnp55rrgjct55))/reference/ReferencesPapers.aspx?ReferenceID=2631333
93.
MincerJ. (1974). Progress in human capital analysis of the distribution of earnings (Vol. 53). National Bureau of Economic Research.
94.
MondayS. C. (2023). Strategies global virtual team leaders use to improve trust and communication. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. https://www-proquest-com-s.web.bisu.edu.cn/docview/2706170160
95.
Motorindia. (n.d.). Bridging the auto industry’s skill and capability gap to create an Atmanirbhar Bharat. https://www.motorindiaonline.in/bridging-the-auto-industrys-skill-and-capability-gap-to-create-an-atmanirbhar-bharat/
96.
Motorindia. (2019). ASDC partners with TCS iON to ‘Skill at Scale’, https://www.motorindiaonline.in/asdc-partners-with-tcs-ion-to-skill-at-scale/
97.
OjhaR., MathewJ., & VenkateshU. (2021). Excellence through downstream innovation in times of pandemic: Insights from the auto sector. Journal of Global Business and Change, 16(Suppl 1), 16–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42943-021-00032-w
98.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2019). Measuring and developing 21st century skills: Frameworks, methodologies, and tools. OECD Publishing.
99.
OsatisC., & AsavanirandornC. (2022). An exploring human resource development in small and medium enterprises in response to electric vehicle industry development. World Electric Vehicle Journal, 13(6), 98.
100.
PérezL. D., NebotA. P. A., CapmanyA. B., DimaG., MulaA., GonzalezP., PiligrimienėZ., PilinkieneV., RiccioA., & FattoreLL. (2020). National reports on the labour market soft-skill. https://www.academia.edu/92808691/National_Reports_on_the_Labour_Market_Soft_Skills_Io_1_A_3
101.
Peticca-HarrisA., deGamaN., & EliasS. R. (2016). A dynamic process model for finding informants and gaining access in qualitative research. Organisational Research Methods, 19(3), 376–401.
102.
PorterM. E., & HeppelmannJ. E. (2014November). How smart, connected products are transforming competition. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2014/11/how-smart-connected-products-are-transforming-competition
103.
Press Trust of India. (2021, August25). Govt aims to raise auto sector contribution to GDP, job creation: Gadkari. Business Standard. https://www.business-standard.com/article/automobile/govt-aims-to-raise-auto-sector-contribution-to-gdp-job-creation-gadkari-121082501375_1.html
PritchardJ. (n.d.). The importance of soft skills in entry-level employment and postsecondary success. https://www.jtech.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/SJI_SoftSkillsReport_vFINAL_1.17.13.pdf
106.
PwC India & Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers. (2018). Indian automotive sector: Creating future-ready organisations. https://www.pwc.in/assets/pdfs/industries/automotive/indian-automotive-sector.pdf
107.
PwC India. (2019). Indian automotive sector: Navigating the curve. https://www.pwc.in/assets/pdfs/industries/automotive/indian-automotive-sector.pdf
108.
Rainie & Anderson Pew Research Center. (2017May3). The future of jobs and jobs training. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2017/05/03/the-future-of-jobs-and-jobs-training/
109.
RajeevS. (2021). Transformation of the workplace by the introduction of IIOT. Abhigyan, 39(3). https://doi.org/10.56401/Abhigyan/39.3.2021.42-50
110.
RaoM. S. (2014). Enhancing employability in engineering and management students through soft skills. Industrial and Commercial Training, 46(1), 42–48. https://doi.org/10.1108/ICT-04-2013-0023
111.
RiasanowT., GalicG., & BöhmM. (2017). Digital transformation in the automotive industry: Towards a generic value network. In Proceedings of the 25th European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS), Guimarães, Portugal, June 5–10, 2017 (pp. 3191–3201). AIS Electronic Library. https://aisel.aisnet.org/ecis2017_rip/66
112.
RizviK., & TiwariP. B. (2019). Industrial revolution 4.0 and the impact on automotive sector. https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/indien/15840.pdf
113.
Rohira. (2022). Financial express. Industry–academia skill gap: A roadblock for the auto industry. https://www.financialexpress.com/express-mobility/industry-academia-skill-gap-a-road-block-for-auto-industry/2623119/
114.
RüßmannM., LorenzM., GerbertP., WaldnerM., JustusJ., EngelP., & HarnischM. (2015). Industry 4.0: The future of productivity and growth in manufacturing industries. https://inovasyon.org/images/Haberler/bcgperspectives_Industry40_2015.pdf
115.
RyanG. W., & BernardH. R. (n.d.). Techniques to identify themes in qualitative data. http://www.acrn.eu/cambridge/downloads/files/QualitativeCoding.pdf
116.
SadunR. (2022September26). The C-Suite skills that matter most. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2022/07/the-c-suite-skills-that-matter-most
117.
SamsonR., MehtaM., & ChandaniA. (2014). Impact of online digital communication on customer buying decision. Procedia Economics and Finance, 11. 872–880. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(14)00251-2.
118.
SarvimakiM. (2017). Case study strategies for architects and designers: Integrative data research methods (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315707693
119.
SaundersM. N. K., LewisP., & ThornhillA. (2015). Research methods for business students (7th ed.). Pearson Education Limited.
120.
SchroederA., BigdeliA. Z., ZarcoC. G., & BainesT. (2019). Capturing the benefits of industry 4.0: A business network perspective. Production Planning & Control, 30(16), 1305–1321. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2019.1612111
121.
SchultzT. W. (1961). Investment in human capital. The American Economic Review, 51(1), 1–17.
122.
SchwabK. (2016). The fourth industrial revolution: What it means, how to respond. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/the-fourth-industrial-revolution-what-it-means-and-how-to-respond/
123.
SehgalR. (2015). Industry 4.0: The new industrial revolution: A change of paradigm. Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung. https://www.rosalux.de/fileadmin/rls_uploads/pdfs/Studien/Studien_9_Industry_engl_web.pdf
124.
SerraM., PsarraS., & O’BrienJ. (2018March23). Social and physical characterization of urban contexts: Techniques and methods for quantification, classification and purposive sampling. Urban Planning, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.17645/up.v3i1.1269
125.
ShanbaugA. (2023September21). Driving India’s automotive future: The reign of digitalisation. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/auto/auto-news/driving-indias-automotive-future-the-reign-of-digitalisation/articleshow/103818364.cms?from=mdr
Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers. (2019). Automotive mission plan 2016–26. https://www.siam.in/uploads/filemanager/47AUTOMOTIVEMISSIONPLAN.pdf
128.
SpoettlG. (n.d.). AUTO 4.0: Anticipation of skills for employees due to digitalization - identification of “Occupational Profiles.”. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90185
129.
StebbinsR. A. (2001). Exploratory research in the social sciences. Sage.
130.
Stevens. (2016). That ‘good deal’ feel at the dealership is fleeting: J.D. Power Sales Satisfaction survey. https://www.drive.com.au/news/that-good-deal-feel-at-the-dealership-is-fleeting-jd-power-sales-satisfaction-survey/
131.
SunejaV., & SikkaR. (2022). Human capital strategies of IT SMEs in India. Abhigyan, 40(2), 35–46.
132.
SuriH. (2011). Purposeful sampling in qualitative research synthesis. Qualitative Research Journal, 11(2), 63–75. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ1102063
133.
Singh. (2011). India: An unlikely F1 R&D success story. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/people-places/india-an-unlikely-f1-rd-success-story/articleshow/7244832.cms
134.
UdayanaI. B. N. (2022). Niche based relational capability to increase salespeople performance in small and medium enterprises. Business, Theory and Practice, 23(1), 141–153. https://doi.org/10.3846/btp.2022.13012
135.
Vega-SampayoY., Olivero-VegaE., & Gastelbondo-GómezE. (2020). Innovation capacity development in customer service processes of enrollment departments in higher education institutions from Barranquilla, Colombiahttps://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-07642020000500185
136.
VeraN. T., Suryanto & Strada Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan. (2022). Competency Development of Quality Control in Automotive Companies to Improve Service Quality. Strada Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan, 10(1). https://www.sjik.org/index.php/sjik/article/download/643/464/
137.
VeraN. T., Suryanto & Strada Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan (2022). Competency development of quality control in automotive companies to improve service quality. Strada Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan, 10(1). https://www.sjik.org/index.php/sjik/article/download/643/464/
138.
Vinoth. (2021). The evolution of academia–industry interface in India. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Vinoth-Dr/publication/357420784_THE_EVOLUTION_OF_ACADEMIA-INDUSTRY_INTERFACE_IN_INDIA/links/61cd9a33b8305f7c4b0eb27c/THE-EVOLUTION-OF-ACADEMIA-INDUSTRY-INTERFACE-IN-INDIA.pdf
WankhedeV. A., & VinodhS. (2021). Analysis of industry 4.0 challenges using best worst method: A case study. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 159, 107487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2021.107487
141.
WilsonV. (2014). Research methods: Triangulation. Evidence Based Library and Information Practice, 9, 74–75. https://doi.org/10.18438/B8WW3X
142.
World Economic Forum. (2018). The future of jobs 2018. https://www.weforum.org/publications/the-future-of-jobs-report-2018/
143.
World Economic Forum. (2019). We need a reskilling revolution. Here’s how to make it happen. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/04/skills-jobs-investing-in-people-inclusive-growth/
144.
World Economic Forum & Accenture. (2019). Leading through the fourth industrial revolution: Putting people at the center. https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Leading_through_the_Fourth_Industrial_Revolution.pdf
145.
World Economic Forum. (2020). The future of jobs 2020. https://www.weforum.org/reports/the-future-of-jobs-report-2020/
146.
YamadaR., & HanadaR. (2023). India tops Japan to become world’s No. 3 auto market. Nikkei Asia. https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Automobiles/India-tops-Japan-to-become-world-s-No.-3-auto-market
147.
YinR. K. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods (6th ed.). Sage.
