Abstract
Sentiment analysis is the channel to pick out the text from the social media dataset to inquire about the positive and negative opinions of the statement and its subjective and objectiveness. The purpose of the study is to manifest the sentiment of the text posted in five Hindi news channels, that is, AajTak, ABP News, India TV, NDTV India and Republic Bharat on YouTube are investigated by adopting the Mozdeh software to highlight the sequential temperament of the viewers by evaluating the positive and negative sentiments. The present study is subsequently limited to the data being extracted and evaluated by the software Mozdeh. The sentiments of each Hindi news channel are analysed along with the top word frequencies and displaying the time-series graph. The investigation presents that the channel with maximum average positive average negative sentiment belongs to India TV and the female category was in the peak compared to male altogether but the unidentified gender was the highest. During the time series analysis, the year 2020 was seen to be the most productive year since all the spikes were precisely detected. The audience of these channels turns out to be more attentive towards the political and entertainment news world. The study also highlights the tendency and interest of the common audiences to watch the news which dedicates that people are usually unsatisfied with the content being displayed in the videos and the common concentration is mostly based on the political news.
Introduction
Information technology (IT) has become very important and irrepressible tool in human life. New inventions have led to many drastic changes in people lives and the dependency on technology has become very conventional. IT has drawn attention by manipulating laborious and tedious operations into easy and interesting customs. IT has also indulged its involvement in all kinds of services and functions to make life convenient and comfortable. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is mainly regarded as a boon for people, if used favourably. Inventions and usage of Web 2.0 tools have a great impact on dominating today’s world. The internet has considerably altered people’s lives in too much preferred and sophisticated ways. Web 2.0 is regarded as a platform where many web services and applications such as Google, Wikipedia, blogging, SNS and others seamlessly coordinate among themselves (O’Reilly, 2005). YouTube (
Sentiment analysis is the process to identify one’s review, thoughts, emotions and perception about any commodity, programmes, services or activities or revenue generation into categories like positive, negative and neutral sentiment (Farooq & Shabaz, 2019). Sentiment analysis helps to define the emotional tone or feelings towards any events through evaluating some extracted text or specific keywords at different levels. Further, analysis of sentiments has rebound with all the social media tools (like Facebook, Twitter, Reddit, academic social media sites, YouTube, etc.), where the affect and effects of certain brands and marketing strategies can be evaluated. Hornikx and Hendriks (2015) conducted a study on the sentiment of the tweeted messages on goods and services of brand to manifest the popularity and its effects on the consumer behaviour about various brands. The analysis of sentiment or opinion is much popular among various industries and enhances the marketing of products. Firstly, back in the 1950s, sentiment analysis was introduced and carried out manually by the distribution of some questionnaires and holding interviews of public opinion. But, gradually with the advent of ICT, the measuring of opinions is done through different sentiment analysis software, generally extracting the dataset from the social media applications. The blogs, forums and social media applications such as Twitter and Facebook platforms have been widely accepted for discussion and sharing of current content. Sentiment analysis can help in identifying industry trends, brand monitoring, product analysis and customer services. Monitoring the feedback of the products, devices, events, companies, media such as news, magazines to know its advantages and drawbacks.
News Channels
The news is a crucial and useful source of current information in every discipline. Globally, people are very well informed about the happenings, changes and circumstances taking over via news (India Study Channel, 2012). The news service first started back in 1621 in printed form, that is, newspaper, then it was gradually undertaken by news-reading in radio broadcasting and later on, news started to digitally broadcast in television (TV) by visualising the recorded real-time events. The Doordarshan was the first public news broadcast service in 1959 in India and slowly many private TV networks started to emerge. Now, with the commencement of smartphones, people rarely stick to the TV to watch the news or any entertainment programmes. The digital era has brought out people live to be easier by effectively valuing their time through signing in to all the possible news or entertainment networks easily available on the internet which could be accessed via smartphones, laptops or tablets. Nowadays, new channels or networks have websites that have the credibility to be accessible to anyone from anywhere at any time within a network coverage area. Today, news channels are upgraded to directly watch on YouTube. In India, there are many news channels broadcast in both official and regional languages such as Hindi, English, Gujarati, Assamese, Bengali, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Odia, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu until date. Among them, there are about 33 Hindi language news channels in India, which are generally available to Indian as well as global audiences. The following detailed Hindi news channels have left a stumped footprint on the history of mass media in India.
AajTak: AajTak is one of the oldest Hindi news channels covering both Indian and international viewers, launched back on 31 December 2000 (Wikipedia, 2021). AajTak is owned by the company Living Media. The website of AajTak is
ABP News: ABP News (
India TV: India TV (
NDTV India: New Delhi Television is a 24-h news channel in India that was founded in 1988 by Radhika Roy and Prannoy Roy which targets the global Indian. NDTV is the most-watched and respected news channel that also leads over the internet with the flagship website
Republic Bharat: Republic Bharat (
Sentiment analysis of comments or tweets is very convenient to identify the user satisfaction of the product or services provided and dealing with upgrading according to need. This study integrates to undertake the study of sentiment analysis of the comments prone by the viewer in the selected Hindi news channel to know the progression of today’s mass media and decide the most attention-seeking category of video contents. Through this study, the mindset of the present community will be determined. And also, with the upgrading of English literature in every field, this study helps in distinguishing the clear audience of the Hindi news platform as Hindi language is the parent language of the people of India. The comparison of these undertaken Hindi news channels will reveal the satisfaction level of the audiences about its content and also provides a scope for making the informed decision of improvement. The result of the study will indicate the content creator of these news channels to recognise the real need of the audiences and to makeover the contents according to the requirements to be at the top of news platforms in India.
Literature Review
Deori et al. (2021) evaluated the characteristics and user’s sentiments of the videos on YouTube about the software Koha and DSpace by using the Webometrics Analyst for data retrieval and Parallel dots for sentiment analysis. As YouTube is a platform for troubleshooting the newest content for users with certain queries and the content creators of Koha and DSpace have been directed to improve the videos with creativity. Novendri et al. (2020) analysed the viewers’ opinion of the TV series Money Heist from Netflix using the Naïve Bayes algorithm. Using the Naïve Bayes algorithm, it was found that the 4th season of Money Heist was 31.73 times more demanded than any other average series mostly with negative comments than the neutral and the positive comments. Kaur and Shabaz (2019) used the KKSSA technique to evaluate the positive and negative sentiments of the social media tool Twitter on the live data to manifest the present and upcoming sentiments. Parabhoi (2019) analysed tweets of 10 college libraries drilled down from World college positioning 2019 extricated from Twitter Application Programming Interface (API) utilising Mozdeh programming. This study distinguished the most joked college library as Bodleian Library of Oxford University with the most elevated normal quantities of positive assessment. Among the tweets, Exhibition and Archive are the top regularly utilised words and the greatest time-series pattern tweet was toward the year’s end 2018 and 2019. Shah et al. (2019) identify the variety of online media assessments relying upon time and area by utilising word reference put together notion investigation concerning Twitter posted in 100 urban areas during 13 July and 30 November 2017. Through this examination, a straightforward and interpretable model of the variety of the positive and negative assessment and the correlation between area, time and social cooperations’ expansive setting made simpler on Twitter. Sohal and Kaur (2018) analyse the contents on the political advertisements uploaded in YouTube which were regarded as the evidence of the Indian Parliamentary elections. The videos uploaded in the platform of YouTube has an influential behaviour to gain votes in 2014 election. These promotional videos for Indian parliamentary election have profoundly occupied a significant domination among the young and educated voters integrating and appealing the visual command on the digital environment and social media. Thelwall (2018a) introduced the Comment Term Frequency Comparison method as the social media analytics to evaluate the YouTube comments by using free Webometric Analyst and Mozdeh software. This study critiques certain research questions or dimensions about the YouTube comments like a process of finding gender, sentiment dimensions and networks of relationships between topics and passes on the procedure to attain the answers using Mozdeh with a wide range of examples and illustrations. Tanesab et al. (2017) assessed the assessments of the netizen’s in YouTube on the certain example or character of Ahok as a lead representative by utilising support vector machine (SVM). An example of 1,000 recorded information was arbitrarily extricated inside the restriction 2015–2016. Utilising SVM, the positive, negative and impartial assumptions were characterised and to decide the level of the class of estimations lexicon based technique and confusion matrix have been utilised.
Kim et al. (2015) investigated the sentiments on the topic of Ebola from two dynamic media sources, Twitter and Factiva Press Release Service (online) database. With the query term ‘Ebola virus’ and ‘Ebola’, a dataset of 16,189 news articles and 7,106,297 tweets were extracted from 1 June to 31 August 2014. The experiment was conducted by applying vocabulary control and employing the n-gram Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) topic modelling technique. The study showed that the coverage of the term was more prevalent in the news articles than in Twitter. Thelwall (2014) analysed the sentiment and the time series analysis of Twitter corpus relating to the UK Riots of 2011 using Mozdeh software to evaluate the increasing and decreasing interest over time or any constant changes in the broad pattern. It also compared and displayed the graph of the average positive sentiment strength and the average negative sentiment strength. Uryupina et al. (2014) introduced SenTube which is a dataset that explains the substance data and notion extremity of the YouTube remarks. SenTube can characterise and assess a few assignments like the opinion investigation, text order, spam discovery and forecast of comment information. This annotation primarily centres around the English language and all the while Italian, Spanish and Dutch are likewise a piece of it. Thelwall et al. (2012) examined the YouTube remarks separated by utilising arbitrarily chosen 65,536 terms from a bunch of English blog and Really Simple Syndication (RSS) channels through Webometric Analyst. Utilising SentiStrength program, the age, sex, area, length and sentiments of the remarks were assessed seeing that the majority of the positive remarks was posted by 29 years of age male containing 58 characters and about 23.4% remarks were the answers of the remarks. The most transcendent classes of recordings that got the greatest remarks were the Music, Comedy and How to and Style.
From the above literature, it can be demonstrated that sentiment analysis is the most prevalent area for study in the field of Library and Information Science. Many studies have been carried out by the various authors in this field by using different softwares and methods such as Naïve Bayes algorithm, SentiWordNet, SenTube, SVM, Mozdeh, KKSSA technique and many more. But, until now, no study was found on the sentiment analysis of the comments of Hindi news channels from YouTube, so, this study tries to fulfil the gap slot.
Scope of the Study
The scope of the study is confined to the viewers’ opinions posted on YouTube videos of five Indian Hindi news channels such as AajTak, ABP News, India TV, NDTV India and Republic Bharat. These news channels were selected due to their language, that is, Hindi and highest Television Rating Point according to Broadcast Audience Research Council India’s data insights (
Objectives of the Study
To identify the growth trend of the comments and gender distribution.
To find out the videos with maximum comments.
To evaluate the average sentiments of the comments on YouTube of the selected news channels.
To highlight the time-series graph of the comments throughout and their average post sentiments.
To find the top word frequencies/cloud.
Methodology
This study is on sentiment analysis of the comments of the undertaken five Hindi news channels, that is, AajTak, ABP News, India TV, NDTV India and Republic Bharat. The study will demonstrate both quantitative and descriptive which evaluates the sentiment and in additional time series, trend theme and gender distribution of the post prone by the viewers. The extraction of dataset and analysis was done using the free software Mozdeh by entering the channel ID as a query (Table 1). Each channel ID was identified through Webometric Analyst and manually verified in YouTube. The data was being collected between 11 December 2020 and 22 December 2020. A total of 2,264,063 comments were extracted from the YouTube videos via YouTube API and there was no significant limitation of time frame (Thelwall, 2018b).
Queries for Extraction of Data
Mozdeh software is a tool for sentiment analysis for social web content that can be downloaded from the
Result
Year-wise Growth Trend of the Comments
Table 2 displays the growth trends of the comments for the undertaken Hindi news channels from YouTube such as AajTak, ABP News, India TV, NDTV India and Republic Bharat. Among the five, Republic Bharat (976,318) is seen to be the most popular with the highest sum of comments but only within 2 years, that is, the years 2019 and 2020. The next Hindi news channels with the most comments are NDTV India (622,893) followed by AajTak (263,599) and ABP News (230,788). The one with the least comments is India TV (169,551). The table shows that the year 2020 has the highest sum of comments in each of the news channels.
Growth Trend of the Comments
Gender Distribution
Figure 1 describes the variation of the gender-viewer distributions of the undertaken five Hindi news channels into the category of Male and Female. The software identifies the viewers of these news channels into male, female and none, while none signifies that the commenter has not provided the details regarding the gender. Out of 2,264,063 comments altogether, the category none has the highest domination with 94.60% which represents that either the viewers are not interested in revealing their gender identity or do not disclose their gender category is that much of importance, that is why there is no need of data representation of this category in the figure. Whereas, the total sum of the comments from male viewers are 52,399 comments (2.31%) which is less than the female viewers, that is, 69,950 comments (3.09%). By comparing the gender category, it can be highlighted that females are more prone to watch the news from YouTube as compared to males. NDTV India is the prolific one among the male category with 21,632 comments while Republic Bharat is with highest comments among the female viewers (40,447).
Top Commented Videos
The following Table 3 shows the list of videos viewed by each news channel. The study shows that ABP News has the highest number of posted videos with 602 videos within those eight years which is followed by NDTV India with 594 videos. India TV (565 videos) is next to AajTak with 568 videos posted on YouTube. The news channel with the least number of videos posted is Republic Bharat among these five news channels with 554. From the study, it is seen that Republic Bharat has almost kept up with rest of the channels with a very less time frame.
List of Videos
The Figure 2 illustrates two highly commented videos from each news channel on YouTube. In AajTak, the two most commented videos were ‘Super Brain: Watch the Amazingly awsome memorizing power of a 5-year-old kid (17,624 comments)’ and ‘Kanhaiya Kumar और बाकी िदग्गजों के साथ देखिए पढ़ाई पर लड़ाई को लेकर चचार् | #AgendaAajTak19 (9,130 comments)’. The viewers of AajTak has laid out their interest mostly in the amazing and educational programmes viewed on the channel. The top commented videos of ABP News were ‘Sushant Singh Rajput Suicide Case: Mumbai Police May Summon Aditya Chopra | ABP News (6,372 comments)’ and ‘Mathrubhumi: IAF Rescues Fishermen From Tawi River | ABP News (5,436 comments)’, which is seen to be the least among the five channels. The audiences of ABP News were focused on the suicide case of Bollywood actor Sushant Singh Rajput and the dramatic view of the Indian Air Force rescuing the fisherman stuck near the under-constructed bridge. The leading commented videos of India TV were ‘Kangana Vs Hrithik - The Ugly Battle (12,316)’ and ‘Aaj Ka Viral Video: Shah Rukh Khan donates 45 crores to Pak gas tanker accident victims (12,163)’. The followers of India TV are mainly fascinated about the show Aap ki Adalat’s episode on the conflict of Bollywood actor Kangana and Hritik and the video of Shahrukh Khan making endowment to the victims of Pakistan gas tanker accidents. The public in India TV is enticed with the programmes regarding the entertainment sector. NDTV India’s ruling programmes were ‘Prime Time With Ravish Kumar: Hathras में Yogi सरकार की अंधेरगदीर् (28,006 comments)’ and ‘Ravish Kumar का िवश्लेiषण: अधिकतर Exit Polls के मुताबिक NDA की सरकार (21,569 comments)’. Here, the crowds were mainly drawn to the report shown on the funeral rites done by the police for the rape case that happened in Hathras and also the exit poll evaluated for before the 2019 election. The news channel Republic Bharat has the highest commented videos observed from the list, that is, ‘मुंबई पुलिस किमर परमबीर को िसंह अर्नब का जवाब, कहा- रोक सको तो रोक लो (31,604 comments)’ and ‘Sushant के परिवार का ‘अपमान’ क्यों? देिखए Poochta Hai Bharat, Arnab के साथ! (28,759 comments)’. The audience here is enticed by the shows reported by Arnab Singh Goswami that may be regarding faceoff with Parambir Singh or continuously fighting for investing the suicide case of Sushant Singh Rajput.
The Average Sentiment Analysis Result
Table 4 highlights the average positive and negative sentiments of each news channel determine by using Mozdeh software individually. Mozdeh determines the sentiments of the reviews in five levels, that is, positive, 1–5; negative, −1 to −5 and later counts the average positive and negative sentiments of all five levels or scores with 95% confidence intervals. The study shows that the sum of comments in Republic Bharat is quite high than the rest and its average positive average negative is also high with 0.0491 which is followed by ABP News with 0.0466. India TV has the highest average positive average negative sentiments with 0.0768 despite a lower number of comments. AajTak news channels seem to be the fourth in ranking with 0.0355 in terms of average positive average negative sentiment and the least one is the NDTV India with 0.0183.
Average Sentiment Analysis Result
Time Series Graph
Time series graph generally represents the trend detection which visually displays the overall seesaw of the comments within the years. Here, Mozdeh tried to show the variation of the comments undertaking each day from the beginning until the date. The average post sentiment can also identify which showed the positive and negative sentiments from 1 to level 5, subjective post and proportional subjective of the comments of each day through a variant of colours. The colour variant is such as red for positive sentiment, black for negative sentiment, grey/pink for subjective post only and green for proportion subjective. For the study, the time series of the comments were identified individually.
AajTak: The time-bound for evaluating the time series of the comments of AajTak was from 18 December 2012 to 11 December 2020. Within this time-bound, there were a total of 264,511 comments but very few posts from the beginning until 2018. Later, many spikes were detected, among which on the date of 29 June 2020, had the highest number of posts with 4,707. On this day, the news on ‘AajTak reporter faces eve-teasing while reporting on Delhi gangrape case’; ‘चीन सावधान…! हर तरह से तैयार है िहन्दुस्तान ’; ‘China की Economy पर बड़ी चोट, Modi सरकार ने Tik-tok समेत 59 चीनी ऐप को किया बैन’; चीन से दान जमकर िसयासी घमासान|; and ‘रेप कैपिटल के ब्यान पर बीजेपी बोली माफी मांगों, राहुल ने कहा- कतई नहीं’ and many more were published. The second graph shows that the positive and negative sentiments reached level five twice and once respectively in the beginning and later it was not seen. And there was also a moderate level of subjective posts and proportional subjective posts (Figure 3).
ABP News: The Figure 4 displays the times’ trends of the post made from 7 August 2012 to 22 December 2020. The graph shows a variation of volume among the posts, which was minimum at the start but gradually took a form from 2017. Among many spikes, the highest was on 19 June 2020 with 4,721 posts but after the spike, the number of comments had seen to be distinctly decreased. Sushant and Ankita celebrate the anniversary of Saas Bahu Aur Saazish; Manav gets divorce papers for Archana; COVID-19: Demand For Camphor 1m, Arsenic Album 30 Immunity Boosters Rises | ABP News; Vivek recalls the infamous press conference episode; Sushant Singh Rajput Suicide Case: Mumbai Police May Summon Aditya Chopra | ABP News and Sushant Singh Suicide Case: Police May Interrogate Aditya Chopra & Shanoo Sharma | ABP News and more shows were on display. In the graph of average post sentiment, both the positive and negative sentiments could reach up to the 4th level, and same also with the subjective and proportional subjective posts.
India TV: India TV news channel contains the oldest post that is from 31 January 2010 to 18 December 2020; where the frequency of comments was seen to be wavering from 2016 but got a distinct shape from 2019 onwards. The trend burst was frequently seen but 9 September 2020 has the maximum spike with 2,856 posts where Bollywood Stars On Aap Ki Adalat | WOW Moments | India TV; Kangana Vs Hrithik - The Ugly Battle; Kangana Ranaut के अाॅिफस पहुंचे BMC कर्मचारी, अभिनेत्री ने कहा; मेरा सपना टूटने का वक्त आ गया है; ड्रग्स मामले में आज सेशन कोर्ट में बेल की अपील करेंगे िरया के वकील, िमलेगी बेल या जाएंगी जेल? and BMCs action is vengeful & says Sanjay Nirupam on Kangna office demolition and else were on displayed. A medial number of comments was seen between February 2019 and June 2020, that is, two spike volumes. The negative sentiments outstretch up to level five, and both the positive and negative sentiments were seen to be slowly decreasing along with the subjective and proportional subjective comments (Figure 5).
NDTV India: NDTV India has the 2nd-highest sum of comments among the undertaken five Hindi news channels on YouTube with 622,897 comments, where the period was from 17 September 2013 to 11 December 2020. Same as the above news channels, there were very minimum comments in the beginning but later after June 2019, it gradually showed some variation in the graph. Many spikes were detected, but on 1 December 2020 showed the highest posted comments with 14,162 where Farmers Protest: िकसान आंदोलन में पीएचडी के छात्र भी; Farmers Protest: Karnal में Police जवानों के िलए लंगर; Farmers Protest: Haryana के िकसान भी आंदोलन में शामिल; Des Ki Baat: कृिष मुद्दों पर दबाव में सरकार; and more shows were directed. In the average post sentiments, there showed a moderate positive and negative sentiments while the subjective post has shown a bit higher than the proportional subjective comments (Figure 6).
Republic Bharat: Republic Bharat has the maximum number of comments with 976,318 posts within the short time-bound 22 January 2019 to 13 December 2020. The graph shows that there was the least number of comments in the commence but gradually increased to take a shape from July 2020 until October 2020, then slowly decreased till the end. The highest burst was on 8 October 2020 with 32,962 sums of posts. The videos posted during the burst time were Sushant की आखिरी कॉल का पूरा सच 13 जून को Uday से 7 िमनट में 5 बार हुई थी बात! विशेष रिपोर्ट; Sushant-Rhea की ‘13 जून की मुलाकात’ के चश्मदीद को CBI भेजेगी समन; Arnab के सवाल पर Shaheen Bagh के मीिडया कोर्डिनेटर Shoaib ने उगला ज़हर, कहा एक-एक को गोली मारेंगें; Sushant Case: Salman Khan समेत 8 फिल्मी हस्तियों को कोर्ट का नोिटस, 8 अक्टूबर तक रखना होगा पक्ष; Goa से Mumbai लौट रहे Karan Johar से R.भारत ने पूछे कड़े सवाल, ड्रग्स पार्टी के सवाल पर साधी चुप्पी!; Arnab से खास बातचीत में बोले Nitesh Rane- Rohan ने बताया Disha के साथ कुछ गलत हुआ and more. The average post sentiment for the positive and negative sentiments was moderate to low, while there was a peak of subjective posts on 14 March 2020 or else the other proportional subjective and subjective sentiments were moderate thorough (Figure 7).
Word Frequencies
Word frequency is a list of classified text corpus, ranked according to its number of occurrences. With the evaluation of the word occurrence, the trend or theme of the whole comments and interest among viewers can be identified. In Mozdeh, the top words can be extracted from the comments altogether by following simple steps like clicking on the List top words from the Analyse category of the software. The software provides a text file with a list of words together with the sum of total word occurrences. From that list of words, the obnoxious words are ejected manually and to find the keywords in hand. The top 50 keywords are being displayed in an illustration by using WordCloud website.
AajTak: AajTak has about 264,511 comments consisting of both subjective and proportional subjective comments. Among all the text from the comments, the top 50 list of words has been extracted for the illustration. The term Modi (15,931) is the most frequently used word among the reviewers followed by India (10,133), BJP (9,724) and Media (9,142). From the top five words, the theme of the reviewers can be determined as politics. Here, both the news channels and viewers are more exaggerating and interested in the political events and country India (Figure 8).
ABP News: The top 50 words are selected and drove in the WordCloud for the definite view of illustration, where it can be seen that the term Modi (11,792), India (11,268), BJP (9,199) and Media (6,556) are the four most prolific one’s, same as the previous news channel AajTak but with different times of occurrence. But the 5th top word Indian is seemed to be variant with 6,274 times of occurrence. Here, the trends display mainly on the popularity of Prime Minister Narendra Modi of the country India and their political party BJP (Figure 9).
India TV: India TV have the least number of comments compared to the rest news channels. The trend terms of India TV are also a bit similar to the previous two news channels, that is, AajTak and ABP News but in a twisted manner. The top terms in this news channel are India (9,556), Modi (8,679), Pakistan (6,031), Love (4,187) and Indian (4,103). From this top five-term, it can be stated that the communities following this news channel are a bit diplomatic, commenting on both being Indian and Pakistan together (Figure 10).
NDTV India: NDTV India is a popular news channel that has ascertained many viewers with factual information and reports. This popular channel has total 622,897 comments posted on YouTube which is the 2nd most commented news channel among the rest undertaken Hindi news channels. The topmost used term is BJP (40,619) a political party in India which gained fame some years before. The 2nd apex term is Ravish (39,545) who is the Editor-in-chief of NDTV India followed by Modi (34,859), the Prime Minister of India. The eventual theme of this channel is political and media idolisation (Figure 11).
Republic Bharat: Republic Bharat is the top comment news channel among all selected Hindi news channels with 976,318 comments; despite being in the least time frame, that is, 2019–2020. This news channel was esteem and widely accepted by the Republic of India after seeking justice on the suicide case of Bollywood actor Sushant Singh Rajput. The audience of Republic Bharat idolises the anchor Arnab Goswami so much that Arnab (114,831) has been ranked the top word among all and Bharat (51,318) is the 2nd-ranked. The top terms of this news channel are different as well as significant from the rest. The next followed term is Police (49,556), Sushant (43,970) and Mumbai (43,770). The theme of this channel by evaluating the top term is that the channel was actively highlighted all the mysteries and facts about the suicide case of Sushant Singh Rajput (Figure 12).
Discussion and Conclusion
YouTube is for the global audience that bestows relevant information through visualisation make it easier to grasp by the seeker in every field. Today, YouTube contains billions of videos regarding tutorials, entertainment videos, educational videos, game videos and many more; therefore, evaluating videos of YouTube becomes compelling to check the quality and effectiveness on viewers. YouTube has also become an enormous platform for the personnel who are interested to be updated with current affairs and news. This study on sentiment analysis of the comments has been carried out to know the effectiveness and trends followed by the viewers of the undertaken Hindi news channels in India, that is, AajTak, ABP News, India TV, NDTV India and Republic Bharat. After the analysis of the comments by using Mozdeh free software, it is seen that Republic Bharat has the maximum number of comments posted with 976,318 that too with the shortest time frame and the spike was detected from June 2019 to October 2020. The growth trend of the channels showed that the year 2020 has the most comments post due to the recognition of the platform YouTube and its various services by the audience. While investigating the gender distribution, altogether, the female commenter dominated the male commenter while there was a more unidentified gender category. With 95% confidence interval, Mozdeh analysed the sentiments of the post where India TV was found to be with the most average positive average negative sentiment (0.0768) but has the minimal sum of comments. During the investigation of time series, the burst of the comments was predominantly found in the year 2020 like for AajTak and ABP News the burst was in June. The theme focused during the spike time of AajTak was the banning of TikTok and China dispute whereas for ABP News, the old published videos on the show acted by Sushant Singh Rajput were regained as condolences. India TV’s spike was in September, NDTV India was in December and Republic Bharat was in October where the main attention was directed to the conflict between Bollywood actors, protest by farmers and justice-seeking of Sushant Singh Rajput respectively. The keynote derived from finding the word frequency was that the audience of the selected news channels is mostly attentive to either political event, idolisation of Prime Minister or anchor of the show and remains around the horizon of the news on Bollywood actors. From the study, it can be visualised that all the news channels are regulating and following their objectives of providing news as well as entertainment but with different priorities, while the audience is giving preferences to the entertainment news.
Footnotes
Declaration of Conflicting Interests
The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship and/or publication of this article.
Funding
The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship and/or publication of this article.