THE “JUNE CRISIS”,INDIA’S FORCIBLE RELIEF MISSION TO SRI LANKA-APPLICATION OF A MODEL ∗

Lebow Richard Ned , Between Peace and War-The Nature of International Crisis (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1981), pp. 10–12.

For example, several papers in Kodikara S.U. , ed., South Asian Strategic Issues (New Delhi, Sage, 1990)

New York Times, 23, 24 April 1987.

Ibid. , 26 April 1987.

Referred to in The Statesman (edit.), 27 May 1987 (hereinafter The Statesman would mean The Statesman, Calcutta unless otherwise mentioned).

The Telegraph (Calcutta), 1 May 1987.

The Statesman, 3 May 1987.

Ibid .

Ibid., 4 May 1987.

Ibid. , 5 May 1987.

The Telegraph, 9 May 1987; also, The Statesman, 9 May 1987.

Ibid. , 11 May 1987.

Ibid. , 12 May 1987.

Ibid. , 13 May 1987; also, The Statesman, 13 May 1987.

The Statesman, 17 May 1987.

The Telegraph, 19 May 1987.

The Statesman, 25 May 1987.

New York Times, 27, 31 May 1987; India Today, 30 June 1987, pp. 31–33.

The Statesman, 28 May 1987.

Ibid . Also, India Today, 30 June 1987, p. 28.

Ibid. , 29 May 1987.

The Telegraph, 30 May 1987.

Ibid. , 31 May 1987.

The Statesman (Delhi), 1 June 1987.

India Today, 30 June 1987, p. 34; also, New York Times, 2 June 1987.

The Statesman (Delhi), 2 June 1987; also, Sivarajah A. , “Indo-Sri Lankan Relations and Sri Lanka’s Ethnic Crisis: The Tamil Nadu Factor,” in Kodikara S.U. , p. 149.

Ibid. , Also, New York Times, 2 June 1987.

Ibid. , 3 June 1987. The New York Times, 3 June 1987 reported, “Sri Lanka and India appeared headed for confrontation.”

India Today, 30 June 1987, p. 28.

The Statesman (Delhi), 4 June 1987.

Ibid. , and India Today, 30 June 1987, p. 28.

Ibid. , 1, 4 June 1987. Also, India Today, 30 June 1987, p. 27.

Ibid. , 5 June 1987; New York Times, 5 June 1987.

India Today, 30 June 1987, p. 27.

The Statesman (Delhi), 5 June 1987.

Interview of Hameed A.C.S. in India Today, 30 June 1987, p. 30.

The Statesman called the former “India’s gunboat dislomacy,” and termed the latter as “impetuous adventurism,” 4 and 18 June 1987 respectively. The New York Times saw in these “India’s growing aspirations to regional power status” and accused Gandhi Rajiv “of fanning flames of ethnic violence in Sri Lanka,” 5 June 1987. India Today labelled the airdorp as a “purely face saving gesture,” 30 June 1987, p. 29. Frontline described the airdrop as a “clear intervention” and a “military action though for a humanitarian purpose,” 27 June 6 July 1987, p. 20.

Frontline, 27 June 6 July 1987, p. 17.

Holsti Ole R. Brody Richard A. North Robert C. , “The Management of International Crisis,” in Small Melvin Singer J.D. , eds, International War-An Anthology (Chicago: The Dorsey Press, 1989), pp. 288–99

The Statesman, 7 March 1987.

The Telegraph, 17 March 1987; Frontline, 27 June 6 July 1987, p. 19.

Ibid. , 27 March 1987; The Statesman, 28 March 1987.

Frontline, 27 June - 6 July 1987, p. 19.

The Statesman, 28 May 1987. See also, Ihigerty Devin T. , “India’s Regional Security Doctrine,” Asian Survey 3 (April 1991): 355. In this connection it is necessary to point out that following the flotilla incident, both U.S.A. and Pakistan urged India and Sri Lanka to resolve their dilfcrcncc regarding food supply amicably and peacefully. The Statesman, 4 June 1987.

The Statesman (Delhi), 4 June 1987.

Ibid. , 3 June 1987.

The Statesman (Delhi). 4 June 1987.

India Today, 30 June 1987, p. 27.

The Statesman (Delhi), 3 June 1987.

Stein Janice Gross , “Reassurance in International Conflict Management,” Political Science Quarterly 106 (3, 1991): 450.

Lebow , p. 23.

Ibid. , p. 57.

Frontline, 27 June - 6 July 1987, pp. 19–20; also, India Today, 30 June 1987, p. 29.

Lebow , pp. 62–79.

India Today, 15 April 1987, pp. 68ff.

Frontline, 18 April-1 May, 1987, pp. 14ff.

India Today, 29 February 1988, p. 27.

Sengupta Bhabani , Rajiv Gandhi-A Political Study (Delhi: Konark Publishers, 1989), p. 169.

Ibid. , pp. 175ff.

Ibid. , pp. 160–61. Also, Cohen S.P. , “Balancing Interests: The U.S. and the Subcontinent,” The National Interest, Fall 1987, 80. Cohen considers the relief mission to Sri Lanka as another instance of frustration-drive action.

See Basu’s Jyoti interview to Frontline, 4-17 Arpil 1987, pp. 12–13.

India Today 30 June 1987, p. 43.

This in a way confirms Buzan’s view of the security problem in the Third Wrold where he finds “the primarily external orientation of the concept (of national security) gives way to an increasigly domestic agenda of threat.” See Buzan Barry , “People, States and Fear: The National Security Problem in the Third World,” in Azar Edward E. Moon Chung-in , eds., National Security in the Third World (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), esp. pp. 23ff.